Abstract
The effects of salinity at 50 m M NaCl on floral characteristics, yield components, and biochemical and physiological attributes of the sensitive rice variety IR‐28 were studied under controlled conditions to determine the causes of sterility in seed set under salinity stress. The results showed significant decreases in panicle weight, panicle length, primary branches/panicle, filled seeds/panicle, unfilled seeds/panicle, filled seeds/plant, unfilled seeds/plant, total seeds/panicle, total seed weight/panicle, 1000‐seed weight and total seed weight/plant. The sodium content in different leaves and floral parts increased significantly. In contrast, the potassium content was decreased significantly in leaves and floral parts. A reduction in chlorophyll a and b was also noted in different parts of the leaves. Inhibition of transpiration and photosynthesis was observed in flag leaves at the grain‐filling stage. Soluble carbohydrates in different leaves were reduced significantly in salinized plants but their content in different floral parts was increased, with the exception of primary and secondary branch spikelets. Under salinity stress, total protein concentration in flag, second and third leaves were higher than in control plants. The viability of rice pollen was reduced significantly in salinized plants. It was further observed that starch synthetase activity (α1–4‐glucan glucosyle transferases) in developing rice grains was inhibited very significantly under salinity stress. From these results, it is inferred that sterility and significant reductions in seed set in rice were not merely due to reduction or inhibition of different biochemical constituents and physiological functions, but were mainly due to limitation of soluble carbohydrate translocation in primary and secondary spikelets, accumulation of more sodium and less potassium in all the floral parts, and highly significant inhibition of specific activity of starch synthetase in developing rice grains, thus resulting in failure of seed set.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly decreased panicle weight, panicle length, and primary branches per panicle.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- panicle weight, panicle length, primary branches/paniclee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed significant decreases in panicle weight, panicle length, primary branches/panicle, filled seeds/panicle, unfilled seeds/panicle, filled seeds/plant, unfilled seeds/plant, total seeds/panicle, total seed weight/panicle, 1000‐seed weight and total seed weight/plant.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly decreased filled and unfilled seed counts per panicle and plant.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- filled seeds/panicle, unfilled seeds/panicle, filled seeds/plant, unfilled seeds/plante0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed significant decreases in panicle weight, panicle length, primary branches/panicle, filled seeds/panicle, unfilled seeds/panicle, filled seeds/plant, unfilled seeds/plant, total seeds/panicle, total seed weight/panicle, 1000‐seed weight and total seed weight/plant.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly decreased total seed number and seed weights.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- total seeds/panicle, total seed weight/panicle, 1000‐seed weight and total seed weight/plante0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed significant decreases in panicle weight, panicle length, primary branches/panicle, filled seeds/panicle, unfilled seeds/panicle, filled seeds/plant, unfilled seeds/plant, total seeds/panicle, total seed weight/panicle, 1000‐seed weight and total seed weight/plant.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium content in leaves and floral parts increased significantly.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- sodium content in different leaves and floral partse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sodium content in different leaves and floral parts increased significantly.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium content in leaves and floral parts decreased significantly.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- potassium contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the potassium content was decreased significantly in leaves and floral parts.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a and b were reduced in leaves.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and be0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A reduction in chlorophyll a and b was also noted in different parts of the leaves.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transpiration and photosynthesis were inhibited in flag leaves at grain filling.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- transpiration and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- Inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of transpiration and photosynthesis was observed in flag leaves at the grain‐filling stage.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble carbohydrates in leaves were significantly reduced under salinity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinizede0
- Outcome
- Soluble carbohydrates in different leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soluble carbohydrates in different leaves were reduced significantly in salinized plants”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble carbohydrates increased in floral parts except primary and secondary branch spikelets.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- their content in different floral partse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- with the exception of primary and secondary branch spikeletse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their content in different floral parts was increased, with the exception of primary and secondary branch spikelets.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Total protein concentration was higher in flag, second and third leaves under salinity.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- total protein concentration in flag, second and third leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity stress, total protein concentration in flag, second and third leaves were higher than in control plants.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice pollen viability was significantly reduced under salinity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- salinizede0
- Outcome
- viability of rice pollene0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The viability of rice pollen was reduced significantly in salinized plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch synthetase activity in developing rice grains was very significantly inhibited.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Gene
- starch synthetasee0
- Outcome
- starch synthetase activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“starch synthetase activity (α1–4‐glucan glucosyle transferases) in developing rice grains was inhibited very significantly under salinity stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that limited carbohydrate translocation, sodium and potassium imbalance, and starch synthetase inhibition primarily explain failed seed set.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- failure of seed sete0
- Qualifier
- limitation of soluble carbohydrate translocation in primary and secondary spikeletse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were mainly due to limitation of soluble carbohydrate translocation in primary and secondary spikelets, accumulation of more sodium and less potassium in all the floral parts, and highly significant inhibition of specific activity of starch synthetase in developing rice grains, thus resulting in failure of seed set.”
t0“Rice”
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