Abstract
Effects of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene production were examined in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant] grown for 5 d and 12 d in nutrient solution in the presence or absence of putrescine (1 mM) and 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. The salt-sensitive (IKP) and salt-resistant (Pokkali) cultivars differ not only in their mean levels of putrescine, but also in the physiological functions assumed by this molecule in stressed tissues. Salt stress increased the proportion of conjugated putrescine in salt-resistant Pokkali and decreased it in the salt-sensitive IKP, suggesting a possible protective function in response to NaCl. Activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) involved in putrescine synthesis were higher in salt-resistant Pokkali than in salt-sensitive IKP. Both enzymes were involved in the response to salt stress. Salt stress also increased diamine oxidase (DAO; 1.4.3.6) and polyamine oxidase (PAO EC 1.5.3.11) activities in the roots of salt-resistant Pokkali and in the shoots of salt-sensitive IKP. Gene expression followed by reverse transcription-PCR suggested that putrescine could have a post-translational impact on genes coding for ADC (ADCa) and ODC (ODCa and ODCb) but could induce a transcriptional activation of genes coding for PAO (PAOb) mainly in the shoot of salt-stressed plants. The salt-resistant cultivar Pokkali produced higher amounts of ethylene than the salt-sensitive cultivar IKP, and exogenous putrescine increased ethylene synthesis in both cultivars, suggesting no direct antagonism between polyamine and ethylene pathways in rice.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increases the proportion of conjugated putrescine in salt-resistant rice Pokkali.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Pokkalie1
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- proportion of conjugated putrescinee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e1“Salt stress increased the proportion of conjugated putrescine in salt-resistant Pokkali and decreased it in the salt-sensitive IKP”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreases the proportion of conjugated putrescine in salt-sensitive rice IKP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- IKPe1
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- proportion of conjugated putrescinee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e1“Salt stress increased the proportion of conjugated putrescine in salt-resistant Pokkali and decreased it in the salt-sensitive IKP”
Claim · model-written summary
Ornithine decarboxylase activity is higher in salt-resistant Pokkali than in salt-sensitive IKP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Pokkalie2
- Gene
- ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17)e2
- Outcome
- Activities of the enzymese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- salt-sensitive IKPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e2“Activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) involved in putrescine synthesis were higher in salt-resistant Pokkali than in salt-sensitive IKP”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine decarboxylase activity is higher in salt-resistant Pokkali than in salt-sensitive IKP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Pokkalie2
- Gene
- arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19)e2
- Outcome
- Activities of the enzymese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- salt-sensitive IKPe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e2“Activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) involved in putrescine synthesis were higher in salt-resistant Pokkali than in salt-sensitive IKP”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increases diamine oxidase activity in the roots of salt-resistant Pokkali.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Pokkalie3
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- Salt stresse3
- Gene
- diamine oxidase (DAO; 1.4.3.6)e3
- Outcome
- activitiese3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- and in the shoots of salt-sensitive IKPe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e3“Salt stress also increased diamine oxidase (DAO; 1.4.3.6) and polyamine oxidase (PAO EC 1.5.3.11) activities in the roots of salt-resistant Pokkali and in the shoots of salt-sensitive IKP”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increases polyamine oxidase activity in the roots of salt-resistant Pokkali.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Pokkalie3
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- Salt stresse3
- Gene
- polyamine oxidase (PAO EC 1.5.3.11)e3
- Outcome
- activitiese3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- and in the shoots of salt-sensitive IKPe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e3“Salt stress also increased diamine oxidase (DAO; 1.4.3.6) and polyamine oxidase (PAO EC 1.5.3.11) activities in the roots of salt-resistant Pokkali and in the shoots of salt-sensitive IKP”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine may induce transcriptional activation of PAO genes, mainly in the shoots of salt-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- putrescinee4
- Gene
- PAObe4
- Outcome
- transcriptional activation of genes coding for PAO (PAOb)e4
- Qualifier
- mainly in the shoot of salt-stressed plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e4“Gene expression followed by reverse transcription-PCR suggested that putrescine could have a post-translational impact on genes coding for ADC (ADCa) and ODC (ODCa and ODCb) but could induce a transcriptional activation of genes coding for PAO (PAOb) mainly in the shoot of salt-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine may have a post-translational impact on ADC and ODC genes in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- putrescinee4
- Gene
- ADCae4
- Outcome
- post-translational impact on genes coding for ADC (ADCa)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e4“Gene expression followed by reverse transcription-PCR suggested that putrescine could have a post-translational impact on genes coding for ADC (ADCa) and ODC (ODCa and ODCb) but could induce a transcriptional activation of genes coding for PAO (PAOb) mainly in the shoot of salt-stressed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-resistant Pokkali produces higher amounts of ethylene than salt-sensitive IKP.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Pokkalie5
- Outcome
- amounts of ethylenee5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- salt-sensitive cultivar IKPe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e5“The salt-resistant cultivar Pokkali produced higher amounts of ethylene than the salt-sensitive cultivar IKP”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous putrescine increases ethylene synthesis in both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- exogenous putrescinee6
- Outcome
- ethylene synthesise6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive; and Pokkali, salt resistant]”
e6“exogenous putrescine increased ethylene synthesis in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
There is no direct antagonism between polyamine and ethylene pathways in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Compound
- ethylenee7
- Outcome
- antagonism between polyamine and ethylene pathwayse7
- Qualifier
- no directe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“suggesting no direct antagonism between polyamine and ethylene pathways in rice”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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