Abstract
Abstract A field experiment was conducted to characterize root growth and water uptake from soil layers with different N levels by upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) under severe water stress (no water supply) and mild water stress (intermittent water supply). Under mild stress conditions, medium N application led to the increase of the total root length but to the decrease of the root length/leaf area ratio compared with the no-N treatment in rice. Water was extracted from soil layers in a pattern approximately proportional to the root length distribution under mild stress. Both in rice and maize, a major portion of the water was extracted from the 0–20 cm depth. Application of N increased the total water uptake, which was attributed to the greater root length and higher specific water extraction rate per unit length of root. Specific water extraction rate can vary to some extent, depending on the transpiration demand of the shoots. In rice, water uptake, dry matter production in shoot, and root length were largely suppressed under severe stress compared with mild stress. In maize, water uptake under severe stress was maintained at a level similar to that under mild stress. This was attributed to the higher extraction from the deep soil below the 40 cm depth, which was supported by the increased root distribution and increased specific water extraction rate per unit root length at the depth under severe stress compared with mild stress. The lower water-capturing capacity of rice than that of maize under severe stress was characterized by a lower response to the enhancement of the morphological growth of the roots in deeper soil layers and the limited ability of water extraction per unit length of root, especially in the deeper layers. Key Words: maizenitrogenrootsupland ricewater uptake
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild water stress, medium N application increased total root length of upland rice compared with no N.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- medium N applicatione0
- Outcome
- total root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- mild stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- no-N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under mild stress conditions, medium N application led to the increase of the total root length but to the decrease of the root length/leaf area ratio compared with the no-N treatment in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild water stress, medium N application decreased the root length/leaf area ratio of upland rice compared with no N.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- medium N applicatione0
- Outcome
- root length/leaf area ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- mild stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- no-N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under mild stress conditions, medium N application led to the increase of the total root length but to the decrease of the root length/leaf area ratio compared with the no-N treatment in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mild stress, water was extracted from soil layers in a pattern approximately proportional to the root length distribution.
- Taxon
- upland rice and maizeOryza sativa
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- mild stresse0
- Outcome
- Water was extracted from soil layerse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water was extracted from soil layers in a pattern approximately proportional to the root length distribution under mild stress”
t0“upland rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
In both rice and maize a major portion of the water was extracted from the 0–20 cm depth.
- Taxon
- rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayse0
- Outcome
- major portion of the water was extractede0
- Qualifier
- 0–20 cm depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both in rice and maize, a major portion of the water was extracted from the 0–20 cm depth”
Claim · model-written summary
N application increased total water uptake in upland rice and maize.
- Taxon
- upland rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Application of Ne0
- Outcome
- total water uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N increased the total water uptake, which was attributed to the greater root length and higher specific water extraction rate per unit length of root”
t0“upland rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the N-induced increase in total water uptake to greater root length and higher specific water extraction rate per unit root length.
- Taxon
- upland rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayst0
- Treatment
- Application of Ne0
- Outcome
- total water uptakee0
- Qualifier
- greater root length and higher specific water extraction rate per unit length of roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of N increased the total water uptake, which was attributed to the greater root length and higher specific water extraction rate per unit length of root”
t0“upland rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific water extraction rate can vary to some extent depending on the transpiration demand of the shoots.
- Taxon
- upland rice and maizeOryza sativaZea mayst0
- Outcome
- Specific water extraction ratee0
- Qualifier
- depending on the transpiration demand of the shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Specific water extraction rate can vary to some extent, depending on the transpiration demand of the shoots”
t0“upland rice and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
In rice, water uptake, shoot dry matter production and root length were largely suppressed under severe stress compared with mild stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- severe stresse0
- Outcome
- water uptake, dry matter production in shoot, and root lengthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- mild stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In rice, water uptake, dry matter production in shoot, and root length were largely suppressed under severe stress compared with mild stress”
Claim · model-written summary
In maize, water uptake under severe stress was maintained at a level similar to that under mild stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In maize, water uptake under severe stress was maintained at a level similar to that under mild stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the maintained water uptake of maize under severe stress to higher extraction from the soil below 40 cm, supported by increased root distribution and specific water extraction rate there.
- Treatment
- severe stresse0
- Outcome
- water uptakee0
- Qualifier
- higher extraction from the deep soil below the 40 cm depthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In maize, water uptake under severe stress”
e1“This was attributed to the higher extraction from the deep soil below the 40 cm depth, which was supported by the increased root distribution and increased specific water extraction rate per unit root length at the depth under severe stress compared with mild stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe stress, rice had a lower water-capturing capacity than maize.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- severe stresse0
- Outcome
- water-capturing capacitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower water-capturing capacity of rice than that of maize under severe stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors characterize the lower water capture of rice by a lower response of deeper root growth and a limited water extraction per unit root length, especially in deeper layers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- water-capturing capacitye0
- Qualifier
- lower response to the enhancement of the morphological growth of the roots in deeper soil layers and the limited ability of water extraction per unit length of roote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower water-capturing capacity of rice”
e1“characterized by a lower response to the enhancement of the morphological growth of the roots in deeper soil layers and the limited ability of water extraction per unit length of root, especially in the deeper layers”
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