Abstract
Potassium uptake is the result of numerous simultaneous processes influencing the potassium dynamics in the rhizosphere.The presented research has focused on plant-soil interactions in the potassium supply of soil in the root environment of maize. It was assumed that: 1. roots promote the mobilization of K by the acidification of the rhizosphere soil, 2. roots increase wetting-drying cycles in their environment, and 3. soil total K content affects K release and fixation in the bulk of soil and the root environment.The promoting effect of root activity was detected on K release from soil when feldspar was added as K source to the root environment. A 2-unit reduction of soil pH multiplied K concentration in the soil solution, depending on the feldspar rate. Feldspar application significantly increased the solubility and release of potassium into the soil solution.The effect of pH reduction on the K concentration of soil solution was several magnitudes higher than that of the wetting-drying cycles both in the untreated and feldspar treated soils.Potassium uptake by maize over two generations greatly exceeded the exchangeable pool in the growing media. As a consequence of the exhaustive K uptake K release slowed down to the soil solution, as reflected in the H 2 O extractable K and ExK contents.Significant K fixation was detected after the K removal of maize in feldspar treated soils. On the contrary, in the treatments without plants increasing feldspar rates increased both H 2 O extractable K and ExK contents.One-term Langmuir equation, corrected with the originally sorbed amount of K, was fitted to measured data. The maximum amount of potassium adsorption (K max , mg∙kg −1 ) and the equilibrium constant (k) were calculated. The potassium buffering capacity was estimated at zero equilibrium concentration. Both K buffering capacity and the energy of K fixation were high for the rhizosphere soil. In rhizosphere soil samples the energy of K fixation was one magnitude higher as compared to the bulk soil and decreased substantially with feldspar addition. In soils without plants the k equilibrium constant did not change as the result of drying-wetting process only in the case of the 50% soil/feldspar mixture.In the liquid phase of the soil without feldspar application potassium concentration decreased in the one-year drying-wetting cycle, presumably it got into more strongly bounded forms in the low K status soil. In 50% feldspar enriched soil samples potassium concentration in the soil solution increased, likely as a consequence of a slow dissolution of the K content of feldspar.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Root activity promoted K release from soil when feldspar was added as a K source.
- Organ / stage
- roote1
- Treatment
- feldspar was added as K sourcee1
- Outcome
- K release from soile1
- Direction
- promotinge1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“The promoting effect of root activity was detected on K release from soil when feldspar was added as K source to the root environment”
Claim · model-written summary
A 2-unit reduction of soil pH multiplied K concentration in the soil solution, depending on feldspar rate.
- Treatment
- 2-unit reduction of soil pHe2
- Outcome
- K concentration in the soil solutione2
- Direction
- multipliede2
- Qualifier
- depending on the feldspar ratee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e2“A 2-unit reduction of soil pH multiplied K concentration in the soil solution, depending on the feldspar rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Feldspar application significantly increased the solubility and release of potassium into the soil solution.
- Treatment
- Feldspar applicatione3
- Outcome
- solubility and release of potassium into the soil solutione3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e3“Feldspar application significantly increased the solubility and release of potassium into the soil solution”
Claim · model-written summary
The pH-reduction effect on soil solution K concentration was several magnitudes higher than the effect of wetting-drying cycles, in untreated and feldspar-treated soils.
- Treatment
- pH reductione4
- Outcome
- K concentration of soil solutione4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- several magnitudese4
- Comparator
- wetting-drying cyclese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e4“The effect of pH reduction on the K concentration of soil solution was several magnitudes higher than that of the wetting-drying cycles both in the untreated and feldspar treated soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium uptake by maize over two generations greatly exceeded the exchangeable pool in the growing media.
- Outcome
- Potassium uptakee5
- Direction
- greatly exceedede5
- Comparator
- exchangeable pool in the growing mediae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e5“Potassium uptake by maize over two generations greatly exceeded the exchangeable pool in the growing media”
Claim · model-written summary
After exhaustive K uptake by maize, K release to the soil solution slowed down, as reflected in H2O-extractable K and ExK contents.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e6“As a consequence of the exhaustive K uptake K release slowed down to the soil solution, as reflected in the H 2 O extractable K and ExK contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant K fixation was detected after K removal by maize in feldspar-treated soils.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e7“Significant K fixation was detected after the K removal of maize in feldspar treated soils”
Claim · model-written summary
In treatments without plants, increasing feldspar rates increased both H2O-extractable K and ExK contents.
- Treatment
- increasing feldspar ratese1
- Outcome
- H 2 O extractable K and ExK contentse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in the treatments without plantse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“On the contrary, in the treatments without plants increasing feldspar rates increased both H 2 O extractable K and ExK contents”
Claim · model-written summary
K buffering capacity and energy of K fixation were high for the rhizosphere soil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“Both K buffering capacity and the energy of K fixation were high for the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
In rhizosphere soil samples, the energy of K fixation was one magnitude higher than in bulk soil.
- Outcome
- energy of K fixatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- one magnitudee1
- Comparator
- bulk soile1
- Setting
- rhizosphere soil samplese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“In rhizosphere soil samples the energy of K fixation was one magnitude higher as compared to the bulk soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Feldspar addition decreased substantially the energy of K fixation in rhizosphere soil.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“the energy of K fixation was one magnitude higher as compared to the bulk soil and decreased substantially with feldspar addition”
Claim · model-written summary
In soils without plants, the K equilibrium constant did not change with drying-wetting only in the 50% soil/feldspar mixture.
- Treatment
- drying-wetting processe1
- Outcome
- k equilibrium constante1
- Direction
- did not changee1
- Qualifier
- only in the case of the 50% soil/feldspar mixturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“In soils without plants the k equilibrium constant did not change as the result of drying-wetting process only in the case of the 50% soil/feldspar mixture”
Claim · model-written summary
In soil without feldspar, potassium concentration in the liquid phase decreased over the one-year drying-wetting cycle.
- Treatment
- one-year drying-wetting cyclee1
- Outcome
- potassium concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- without feldspar applicatione1
- Setting
- liquid phase of the soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“In the liquid phase of the soil without feldspar application potassium concentration decreased in the one-year drying-wetting cycle”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium presumably entered more strongly bounded forms in the low-K-status soil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“presumably it got into more strongly bounded forms in the low K status soil”
Claim · model-written summary
In 50% feldspar-enriched soil samples, potassium concentration in the soil solution increased.
- Treatment
- 50% feldspar enriched soil samplese1
- Outcome
- potassium concentration in the soil solutione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“In 50% feldspar enriched soil samples potassium concentration in the soil solution increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in solution potassium in feldspar-enriched soil likely results from slow dissolution of feldspar K.
- Outcome
- potassium concentration in the soil solutione1
- Qualifier
- slow dissolution of the K content of feldspare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root environment of maize”
e1“potassium concentration in the soil solution increased, likely as a consequence of a slow dissolution of the K content of feldspar”
The same questions in other papers
feldspar · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.