Abstract
We report that fluorescently tagged arabinogalactan glycosyltransferases target not only the Golgi apparatus but also uncharacterized smaller compartments when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Approximately 80% of AtGALT31A [Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 31 (At1g32930)] was found in the small compartments, of which, 45 and 40% of AtGALT29A [Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 29 (At1g08280)] and AtGlcAT14A [Arabidopsis thaliana glucuronosyltransferase from family 14 (At5g39990)] colocalized with AtGALT31A, respectively; in contrast, N-glycosylation enzymes rarely colocalized (3-18%), implicating a role of the small compartments in a part of arabinogalactan (O-glycan) biosynthesis rather than N-glycan processing. The dual localization of AtGALT31A was also observed for fluorescently tagged AtGALT31A stably expressed in an Arabidopsis atgalt31a mutant background. Further, site-directed mutagenesis of a phosphorylation site of AtGALT29A (Y144) increased the frequency of the protein being targeted to the AtGALT31A-localized small compartments, suggesting a role of Y144 in subcellular targeting. The AtGALT31A localized to the small compartments were colocalized with neither SYP61 (syntaxin of plants 61), a marker for trans-Golgi network (TGN), nor FM4-64-stained endosomes. However, 41% colocalized with EXO70E2 (Arabidopsis thaliana exocyst protein Exo70 homolog 2), a marker for exocyst-positive organelles, and least affected by Brefeldin A and Wortmannin. Taken together, AtGALT31A localized to small compartments that are distinct from the Golgi apparatus, the SYP61-localized TGN, FM4-64-stained endosomes and Wortmannin-vacuolated prevacuolar compartments, but may be part of an unconventional protein secretory pathway represented by EXO70E2 in plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fluorescent arabinogalactan glycosyltransferases targeted Golgi and smaller compartments in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Gene
- arabinogalactan glycosyltransferasese0
- Outcome
- target not only the Golgi apparatus but also uncharacterized smaller compartmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fluorescently tagged arabinogalactan glycosyltransferases target not only the Golgi apparatus but also uncharacterized smaller compartments when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
About 80% of AtGALT31A was in the small compartments.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- AtGALT31Ae0
- Outcome
- found in the small compartmentse0
- Value
- 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 80% of AtGALT31A [Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 31 (At1g32930)] was found in the small compartments”
Claim · model-written summary
AtGALT29A colocalized with AtGALT31A in 45% of small compartments.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- AtGALT29Ae0
- Outcome
- colocalized with AtGALT31Ae0
- Value
- 45e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“45 and 40% of AtGALT29A [Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 29 (At1g08280)] and AtGlcAT14A [Arabidopsis thaliana glucuronosyltransferase from family 14 (At5g39990)] colocalized with AtGALT31A, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
AtGlcAT14A colocalized with AtGALT31A in 40% of small compartments.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- AtGlcAT14Ae0
- Outcome
- colocalized with AtGALT31Ae0
- Value
- 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“45 and 40% of AtGALT29A [Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 29 (At1g08280)] and AtGlcAT14A [Arabidopsis thaliana glucuronosyltransferase from family 14 (At5g39990)] colocalized with AtGALT31A, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N-glycosylation enzymes rarely colocalized with AtGALT31A.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- N-glycosylation enzymese0
- Outcome
- rarely colocalizede0
- Value
- 3-18%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N-glycosylation enzymes rarely colocalized (3-18%)”
t0“Arabinogalactan Glycosyltransferases Target to a Unique Subcellular Compartment That May Function in Unconventional Secretion in Plants”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 31”
Claim · model-written summary
AtGALT31A also showed dual localization in a stable Arabidopsis mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- atgalt31a mutante0
- Gene
- AtGALT31Ae0
- Outcome
- dual localizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dual localization of AtGALT31A was also observed for fluorescently tagged AtGALT31A stably expressed in an Arabidopsis atgalt31a mutant background”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutating AtGALT29A Y144 increased targeting to AtGALT31A small compartments.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- site-directed mutagenesis of a phosphorylation site of AtGALT29A (Y144)e0
- Gene
- AtGALT29Ae0
- Outcome
- frequency of the protein being targeted to the AtGALT31A-localized small compartmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“site-directed mutagenesis of a phosphorylation site of AtGALT29A (Y144) increased the frequency of the protein being targeted to the AtGALT31A-localized small compartments”
t0“Arabinogalactan Glycosyltransferases Target to a Unique Subcellular Compartment That May Function in Unconventional Secretion in Plants”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 31”
Claim · model-written summary
AtGALT31A small compartments did not colocalize with SYP61 or FM4-64 endosomes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- AtGALT31Ae0
- Outcome
- colocalized with neither SYP61 (syntaxin of plants 61), a marker for trans-Golgi network (TGN), nor FM4-64-stained endosomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AtGALT31A localized to the small compartments were colocalized with neither SYP61 (syntaxin of plants 61), a marker for trans-Golgi network (TGN), nor FM4-64-stained endosomes”
t0“Arabinogalactan Glycosyltransferases Target to a Unique Subcellular Compartment That May Function in Unconventional Secretion in Plants”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 31”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-one percent of AtGALT31A colocalized with EXO70E2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- EXO70E2e0
- Outcome
- colocalized with EXO70E2e0
- Value
- 41%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“41% colocalized with EXO70E2 (Arabidopsis thaliana exocyst protein Exo70 homolog 2)”
Claim · model-written summary
AtGALT31A small compartments were least affected by Brefeldin A and Wortmannin.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Outcome
- least affected by Brefeldin A and Wortmannine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and least affected by Brefeldin A and Wortmannin”
t0“Arabinogalactan Glycosyltransferases Target to a Unique Subcellular Compartment That May Function in Unconventional Secretion in Plants”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana galactosyltransferase from family 31”
The same questions in other papers
climate site · quality: protein · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.