Abstract
Effects of non-specific ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors: salicylic acid (SA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and of specific inhibitors of ethylene binding to receptors: 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) applied during proliferation and differentiation phases of indirect somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Medicago sativa L. cv. Rangelander on embryogenic suspension growth, embryo production, development, and ability to germinate and convert were studied. Application of SA and AVG alone or together at concentrations from 1 to 500 μM in B 5 g liquid medium during the proliferation phase had an inhibitory effect on ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth. Additionally, it caused a drastic reduction in production of embryos and their development on BOi2Y solid differentiation medium. The inhibitory effect of SA was more visible than that of AVG. In addition, disturbance of ethylene biosynthesis during the proliferation phase of SE resulted in diminished lateral germination and conversion of cotyledonary embryos on MS solid medium. Moreover, blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP during the proliferation phase also inhibited ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth and reduced embryo production during differentiation. MCP almost completely inhibited development of cotyledonary embryos. At the same time, development of more embryos was arrested at the globular stage, and the number of abnormal embryos almost doubled. Similarly, addition of 1-MCP or NBD to the ambient atmosphere during the differentiation phase evidently arrested the development of embryos and, consequently, their ability to germinate and convert on MS regeneration medium. All the results presented above demonstrated that not only ethylene biosynthesis, but also ethylene action is involved in the control of individual phases of SE in Medicago sativa L. cv. Rangelander. And what is more, disturbance of these processes during distinct phases of SE adversely affects vigor of the somatic embryos obtained.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
SA inhibited ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth during proliferation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA and AVG alone or together at concentrations from 1 to 500 μM in B 5 g liquid medium during the proliferation phase had an inhibitory effect on ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG inhibited ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth during proliferation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- AVGe0
- Outcome
- ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA and AVG alone or together at concentrations from 1 to 500 μM in B 5 g liquid medium during the proliferation phase had an inhibitory effect on ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA and AVG together inhibited ethylene production and suspension growth.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SA and AVGe0
- Outcome
- ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of SA and AVG alone or together at concentrations from 1 to 500 μM in B 5 g liquid medium during the proliferation phase had an inhibitory effect on ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting ethylene biosynthesis reduced embryo production and development.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- ite0
- Outcome
- production of embryos and their developmente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it caused a drastic reduction in production of embryos and their development on BOi2Y solid differentiation medium”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA inhibition was more visible than AVG inhibition.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- more visiblee0
- Comparator
- AVGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of SA was more visible than that of AVG”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupted ethylene biosynthesis during proliferation diminished lateral germination and embryo conversion.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- disturbance of ethylene biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- lateral germination and conversion of cotyledonary embryose0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“disturbance of ethylene biosynthesis during the proliferation phase of SE resulted in diminished lateral germination and conversion of cotyledonary embryos on MS solid medium”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP inhibited ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth during proliferation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP during the proliferation phase also inhibited ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced embryo production during differentiation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- embryo productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1-MCP during the proliferation phase also inhibited ethylene production and embryogenic suspension growth and reduced embryo production during differentiation”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP nearly eliminated cotyledonary embryo development.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- MCPe0
- Outcome
- development of cotyledonary embryose0
- Direction
- almost completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MCP almost completely inhibited development of cotyledonary embryos”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP increased arrest at the globular embryo stage.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe1
- Outcome
- development of more embryos was arrested at the globular stagee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“development of more embryos was arrested at the globular stage”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP almost doubled the number of abnormal embryos.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe1
- Outcome
- number of abnormal embryose0
- Direction
- doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of abnormal embryos almost doubled”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP during differentiation arrested embryo development and subsequent germination and conversion.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- development of embryos and, consequently, their ability to germinate and converte0
- Direction
- arrestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of 1-MCP or NBD to the ambient atmosphere during the differentiation phase evidently arrested the development of embryos and, consequently, their ability to germinate and convert on MS regeneration medium”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
NBD during differentiation arrested embryo development and subsequent germination and conversion.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- NBDe0
- Outcome
- development of embryos and, consequently, their ability to germinate and converte0
- Direction
- arrestede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of 1-MCP or NBD to the ambient atmosphere during the differentiation phase evidently arrested the development of embryos and, consequently, their ability to germinate and convert on MS regeneration medium”
e1“blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP”
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
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ethene · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
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