Abstract
Abstract Results of several studies show interactive effects of salinity and macronutrients on the growth of wheat plants. These effects may be associated with the nutrient status in plant tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate interactive effects of salinity and macronutrients on mineral element concentrations in leaves, stems, and grain of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lona), grown in hydroponics, and the relation of these effects to yield components. Eight salinity levels were established from 0 to 150 mM NaCl, and 1, 0.2, and 0.04 strength Hoagland macronutrient solution (x HS) were used as the macronutrient levels. Sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chlorine (Cl), and phosphorus (P) in leaves, stems, and grain, NO3 in leaves and stems, and total nitrogen (N) in grain were determined. Supplemental Ca, Mg, K, and NO3 added to 0.2 x HS increased mineral concentrations in leaves and stems, but did not improve growth or yield in salinized wheat plants except moderately at 100–150 mM NaCl. In contrast, growth or yield was improved significantly when the concentration of macronutrients was increased from 0.04 to 0.2 × HS. In contrast to leaves and stems, mineral concentrations in grain increased (Na, Cl) or decreased (Ca, Mg, K) only slightly or were not affected (K) by salinity except at high salinity and low macronutrient level. Nitrogen and P concentrations in grain were not affected by salinity. Sodium and Cl concentrations in leaves and stems increased significantly, whereas K and NO3 decreased significantly, with an increase in salinity regardless of the macronutrient level. The latter was also observed for Ca and Mg in leaves. Extreme Na/Ca ratios in plant tissues negatively affected grain yield production at high salinity with medium or high macronutrient levels and at low macronutrient level together with medium salinity. Even though strong and significant correlations between mineral concentration at grain maturity in leaves, stems, and grain and various yield parameters were observed, our results are inconclusive as to whether toxicity, nutrient imbalance, nutrient deficiency, or all of these factors had a strong influence on grain yield.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental macronutrients increased wheat leaf and stem mineral concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Supplemental Ca, Mg, K, and NO3 added to 0.2 x HSe0
- Outcome
- mineral concentrations in leaves and stemse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemental Ca, Mg, K, and NO3 added to 0.2 x HS increased mineral concentrations in leaves and stems”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental macronutrients generally did not improve wheat growth or yield under salinity, except moderately at 100–150 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Supplemental Ca, Mg, K, and NO3 added to 0.2 x HSe1
- Outcome
- growth or yielde0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Qualifier
- except moderately at 100–150 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not improve growth or yield in salinized wheat plants except moderately at 100–150 mM NaCl”
e1“Supplemental Ca, Mg, K, and NO3 added to 0.2 x HS”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing macronutrient concentration from 0.04 to 0.2 × HS significantly improved wheat growth or yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- concentration of macronutrients was increased from 0.04 to 0.2 × HSe0
- Outcome
- growth or yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- 0.04e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth or yield was improved significantly when the concentration of macronutrients was increased from 0.04 to 0.2 × HS”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were unaffected by salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen and P concentrations in graine0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen and P concentrations in grain were not affected by salinity”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat leaf and stem sodium and chlorine concentrations rose significantly with salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Sodium and Cl concentrations in leaves and stemse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the macronutrient levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium and Cl concentrations in leaves and stems increased significantly, whereas K and NO3 decreased significantly, with an increase in salinity regardless of the macronutrient level”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat leaf and stem potassium and nitrate concentrations fell significantly with increasing salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- K and NO3e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K and NO3 decreased significantly, with an increase in salinity regardless of the macronutrient level”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Extreme wheat tissue Na/Ca ratios negatively affected grain yield under specified salinity and nutrient conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- Na/Cae0
- Outcome
- grain yield productione0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
- Qualifier
- at high salinity with medium or high macronutrient levels and at low macronutrient level together with medium salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extreme Na/Ca ratios in plant tissues negatively affected grain yield production at high salinity with medium or high macronutrient levels and at low macronutrient level together with medium salinity”
t0“wheat”
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