Abstract
Exposure of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers to ethylene evokes the developmental program of petal senescence. The temporal relationship of several aspects of this developmental program following treatment with ethylene was investigated. Exposure of mature, presenescent flowers to 7.5 microliters per liter ethylene for at least 6 hours induced petal in-rolling and premature senescence. Autocatalytic ethylene production was induced in petals following treatment with ethylene for 12 or more hours. A number of changes in mRNA populations were noted in response to ethylene, as determined by in vitro translation of petal polyadenylated RNA. At least 6 mRNAs accumulated following ethylene exposure. The molecular weights of their in vitro translation products were 81, 58, 42, 38, 35, and 25 kilodaltons. Significant increases in abundance of most mRNAs were observed 3 hours following ethylene exposure. Ethylene exposure resulted in decreased abundance of another group of mRNAs. Treatment of flowers with competitive inhibitors of ethylene action largely prevented the induction of these ethylene responses in petals. An increase in flower age was accompanied by an increase in the capacity for ethylene to induce petal in-rolling, autocatalytic ethylene production, and changes in mRNA populations suggesting that these responses are regulated by both sensitivity to ethylene and ethylene concentration. These results indicate that changes in petal physiology resulting from exposure to ethylene may be the result of rapid changes in gene expression.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure of mature, presenescent carnation flowers to 7.5 microliters per liter ethylene for at least 6 hours induced petal in-rolling and premature senescence.
- Taxon
- Carnation
Dianthus caryophyllust0 - Organ / stage
- petale1
- Treatment
- 7.5 microliters per liter ethylene for at least 6 hourse1
- Outcome
- petal in-rolling and premature senescencee1
- Direction
- inducede1
- Value
- 7.5 microliters per litere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e1“Exposure of mature, presenescent flowers to 7.5 microliters per liter ethylene for at least 6 hours induced petal in-rolling and premature senescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Autocatalytic ethylene production was induced in carnation petals by ethylene treatment for 12 or more hours.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Organ / stage
- petalse2
- Treatment
- ethylene for 12 or more hourse2
- Outcome
- Autocatalytic ethylene productione2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e2“Autocatalytic ethylene production was induced in petals following treatment with ethylene for 12 or more hours”
Claim · model-written summary
At least 6 mRNAs accumulated in carnation petals following ethylene exposure.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- ethylene exposuree3
- Outcome
- mRNAse3
- Direction
- accumulatede3
- Value
- At least 6e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e3“At least 6 mRNAs accumulated following ethylene exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Carnation petal in vitro translation products had molecular weights of 81, 58, 42, 38, 35 and 25 kilodaltons.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Outcome
- molecular weights of their in vitro translation productse4
- Value
- 81, 58, 42, 38, 35, and 25 kilodaltonse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e4“The molecular weights of their in vitro translation products were 81, 58, 42, 38, 35, and 25 kilodaltons”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant increases in abundance of most mRNAs were observed 3 hours after ethylene exposure.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- ethylene exposuree5
- Outcome
- abundance of most mRNAse5
- Direction
- increasese5
- Qualifier
- 3 hours following ethylene exposuree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e5“Significant increases in abundance of most mRNAs were observed 3 hours following ethylene exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene exposure decreased abundance of another group of carnation petal mRNAs.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- Ethylene exposuree6
- Outcome
- abundance of another group of mRNAse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e6“Ethylene exposure resulted in decreased abundance of another group of mRNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
Competitive inhibitors of ethylene action largely prevented induction of ethylene responses in carnation petals.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- competitive inhibitors of ethylene actione7
- Outcome
- induction of these ethylene responses in petalse7
- Direction
- preventede7
- Qualifier
- largelye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e7“Treatment of flowers with competitive inhibitors of ethylene action largely prevented the induction of these ethylene responses in petals”
Claim · model-written summary
An increase in flower age was accompanied by an increase in the capacity of ethylene to induce petal in-rolling, autocatalytic ethylene production and changes in mRNA populations.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- flower agee1
- Outcome
- capacity for ethylene to induce petal in-rolling, autocatalytic ethylene production, and changes in mRNA populationse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e1“An increase in flower age was accompanied by an increase in the capacity for ethylene to induce petal in-rolling, autocatalytic ethylene production, and changes in mRNA populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene responses in carnation petals are suggested to be regulated by both sensitivity to ethylene and ethylene concentration.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Outcome
- these responsese1
- Qualifier
- regulated by both sensitivity to ethylene and ethylene concentratione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e1“suggesting that these responses are regulated by both sensitivity to ethylene and ethylene concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in petal physiology from ethylene exposure may result from rapid changes in gene expression.
- Taxon
- CarnationDianthus caryophyllust0
- Outcome
- changes in petal physiologye1
- Qualifier
- rapid changes in gene expressione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carnation Petals”
e1“changes in petal physiology resulting from exposure to ethylene may be the result of rapid changes in gene expression”