Abstract
Abstract Because growers continue to use phosphorus (P) fertilizer on soils that test high in available P, two field experiments were conducted to determine what nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.) when high levels of P were established on Ultisols. Soil pH levels, ranging from 5.0 to > 7.0, were established by differential limiting; five P rates as concentrated superphosphate were superimposed on the pH levels. Zinc (Zn) deficiency was induced by high P rates and high pH, and the magnitude of yield reduction corresponded with the intensity of deficiency symptoms on foliage. Leaf Zn, acid‐extractable soil Zn, and soil solution Zn were poor indicators of Zn deficiency. The ratio of P/Zn in leaves was a fair indicator in one soil and a poor one in the other, possibly because of differences in availability of subsoil Zn. Soil solution Zn, which ranged between 0.1 and 5.1 µ M , was affected by pH but not P level. Soil solution P, which ranged between 5 and 230 µ M , was affected primarily by P rates. Both SO 4 and Si concentrations in soil solutions were increased by increasing P rates. Calculated ion activity products for Ca 5 OH(PO 4 ) 3 showed numerous soil solutions to be supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High P rates and high pH induced zinc deficiency in soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- high P rates and high pHe2
- Outcome
- Zinc (Zn) deficiencye2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e2“Zinc (Zn) deficiency was induced by high P rates and high pH”
Claim · model-written summary
The magnitude of soybean yield reduction corresponded with the intensity of Zn deficiency symptoms on foliage.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- foliagee3
- Outcome
- yield reductione3
- Direction
- corresponded withe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e3“the magnitude of yield reduction corresponded with the intensity of deficiency symptoms on foliage”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Zn, acid-extractable soil Zn and soil solution Zn were poor indicators of Zn deficiency in soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- indicators of Zn deficiencye4
- Qualifier
- poore4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e4“were poor indicators of Zn deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf P/Zn ratio was a fair indicator of Zn deficiency in one soil.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- ratio of P/Zn in leavese5
- Qualifier
- a fair indicator in one soile5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e5“The ratio of P/Zn in leaves was a fair indicator in one soil and a poor one in the other”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf P/Zn ratio was a poor indicator of Zn deficiency in the other soil, possibly because of differences in availability of subsoil Zn.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- ratio of P/Zn in leavese5
- Qualifier
- a poor one in the other, possibly because of differences in availability of subsoil Zne5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e5“The ratio of P/Zn in leaves was a fair indicator in one soil and a poor one in the other, possibly because of differences in availability of subsoil Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil solution Zn was affected by soil pH in soybean soils.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- pHe6
- Outcome
- Soil solution Zne6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e6“Soil solution Zn, which ranged between 0.1 and 5.1 µ M , was affected by pH but not P level”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil solution Zn was not affected by P level in soybean soils.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- P levele6
- Outcome
- Soil solution Zne6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e6“Soil solution Zn, which ranged between 0.1 and 5.1 µ M , was affected by pH but not P level”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil solution P was affected primarily by P rates.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- P ratese7
- Outcome
- Soil solution Pe7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e7“Soil solution P, which ranged between 5 and 230 µ M , was affected primarily by P rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil solution SO4 and Si concentrations increased with increasing P rates.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- increasing P ratese7
- Outcome
- SO 4 and Si concentrations in soil solutionse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e7“Both SO 4 and Si concentrations in soil solutions were increased by increasing P rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Numerous soil solutions were supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“nutritional problem, if any, would develop in soybeans ( Glycine max L.)”
e0“showed numerous soil solutions to be supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite”
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See all 124 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.