Abstract
In a two-year study, aqueous seed extracts of the neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) and Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) were evaluated in the field for the management of pests of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. The aqueous neem seed extracts were applied at the rate of 30, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and B.thurigiensis was applied at the rate 1.0 g/l of water. Actellic 25 EC, a synthetic insecticide, was applied at the rate of 2 ml/l as standard check. Arthropod fauna on okra were sampled using traps, sweep nets, aspirators and handpicking. The nature of damage caused to the stems, leaves, flowers and fruit was assessed by visual observation. The major insect pests of okra collected were Podagrica uniformis Jac, Aphis gossypii Glov, Sylepta derogata (F.), Spodoptera litoralis Boisd, Prodenia litura (F.), Dysdercus superstitiosus (F.), Epilachna similis (F.), Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and Zonocerus variegatus (F.). These pests were observed attacking mainly the leaves of okra. Some of the minor pests identified were Lagria villosa (F.), L. cuprina Thoms, Mylabris temporalis Wellni, M. trifasciata (Thumb.), Lapidognatha sp and Empoasca devastans (D.). Actellic, neem seed extract and Bt significantly reduced the population and damage caused by the major insect pests of okra recorded at Legon, Ghana compared to the untreated. Actellic and aqueous neem seed extracts were equally effective against the pests of okra and caused a significant reduction in insect damage to the leaves, flowers and fruit of the crop. There were no significant differences among the different dosages of neem seed extract on all the parameters assessed, with the exception of the final fruit yield. Actellic, neem extracts or Bt produced higher yield of marketable fruit of okra than untreated plants. Neem seed extract applied at the rate of 30 g/l of water to okra plants produced lower fruit yield than those treated with 50 g or more. Aqueous neem seed extracts and Bt can be used effectively by farmers as a component of integrated management of pests of okra in Ghana. Key words/phrases: Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt), insect pests, neem seed extract, non-synthetic insecticides, okra SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science Vol.26(2) 2003: 145-150
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Actellic significantly reduced the population and damage caused by the major insect pests of okra compared with untreated plots at Legon, Ghana.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- Actellice1
- Interactor
- major insect pestse1pest
- Outcome
- population and damagee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreatede1
- Setting
- Legon, Ghanae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e1“Actellic, neem seed extract and Bt significantly reduced the population and damage caused by the major insect pests of okra recorded at Legon, Ghana compared to the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract significantly reduced the population and damage caused by the major insect pests of okra compared with untreated plots at Legon, Ghana.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- neem seed extracte1
- Interactor
- major insect pestse1pest
- Outcome
- population and damagee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreatede1
- Setting
- Legon, Ghanae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e1“Actellic, neem seed extract and Bt significantly reduced the population and damage caused by the major insect pests of okra recorded at Legon, Ghana compared to the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) significantly reduced the population and damage caused by the major insect pests of okra compared with untreated plots at Legon, Ghana.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Bte1
- Interactor
- major insect pestse1pest
- Outcome
- population and damagee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreatede1
- Setting
- Legon, Ghanae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e1“Actellic, neem seed extract and Bt significantly reduced the population and damage caused by the major insect pests of okra recorded at Legon, Ghana compared to the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Actellic caused a significant reduction in insect damage to okra leaves, flowers and fruit.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Actellice1
- Interactor
- pestse1pest
- Outcome
- insect damage to the leaves, flowers and fruite1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Comparator
- untreatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e1“Actellic and aqueous neem seed extracts were equally effective against the pests of okra and caused a significant reduction in insect damage to the leaves, flowers and fruit of the crop”
e2“compared to the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous neem seed extracts caused a significant reduction in insect damage to okra leaves, flowers and fruit.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- aqueous neem seed extractse1
- Interactor
- pestse1pest
- Outcome
- insect damage to the leaves, flowers and fruite1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Comparator
- untreatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e1“Actellic and aqueous neem seed extracts were equally effective against the pests of okra and caused a significant reduction in insect damage to the leaves, flowers and fruit of the crop”
e2“compared to the untreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous neem seed extracts were equally effective as Actellic against the pests of okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- aqueous neem seed extractse1
- Interactor
- pestse1pest
- Outcome
- effective against the pests of okrae1
- Direction
- equally effectivee1
- Comparator
- Actellice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e1“Actellic and aqueous neem seed extracts were equally effective against the pests of okra and caused a significant reduction in insect damage to the leaves, flowers and fruit of the crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract at different dosages showed no significant differences on the parameters assessed, except the final fruit yield.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- neem seed extracte3
- Outcome
- all the parameters assessede3
- Qualifier
- with the exception of the final fruit yielde3
- Comparator
- different dosagese3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e3“There were no significant differences among the different dosages of neem seed extract on all the parameters assessed, with the exception of the final fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem seed extract at 30 g/l produced lower okra fruit yield than 50 g/l or more.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Neem seed extract applied at the rate of 30 g/l of watere4
- Outcome
- fruit yielde4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- 50 g or moree4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e4“Neem seed extract applied at the rate of 30 g/l of water to okra plants produced lower fruit yield than those treated with 50 g or more”
Claim · model-written summary
Actellic produced higher yield of marketable okra fruit than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Actellice5
- Outcome
- yield of marketable fruite5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- untreated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e5“Actellic, neem extracts or Bt produced higher yield of marketable fruit of okra than untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extracts produced higher yield of marketable okra fruit than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- neem extractse5
- Outcome
- yield of marketable fruite5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- untreated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e5“Actellic, neem extracts or Bt produced higher yield of marketable fruit of okra than untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt produced higher yield of marketable okra fruit than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Bte5
- Outcome
- yield of marketable fruite5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- untreated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e5“Actellic, neem extracts or Bt produced higher yield of marketable fruit of okra than untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The major insect pests of okra were observed attacking mainly the leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Interactor
- major insect pestse7pest
- Outcome
- attacking mainly the leavese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e6“These pests were observed attacking mainly the leaves of okra”
e7“The major insect pests of okra collected were Podagrica uniformis Jac”
Claim · model-written summary
Minor insect pests of okra were identified, including Lagria villosa.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Interactor
- minor pestse2pest
- Outcome
- minor pests identifiede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“insect pests of okra”
e2“Some of the minor pests identified were Lagria villosa (F.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous neem seed extracts and Bt can be used effectively by farmers as a component of integrated management of okra pests in Ghana.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse1
- Treatment
- Aqueous neem seed extracts and Bte1
- Outcome
- integrated management of pestse1
- Setting
- Ghanae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Aqueous neem seed extracts and Bt can be used effectively by farmers as a component of integrated management of pests of okra in Ghana”
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