Abstract
abstract Field experiments were conducted to determine effects of nitrogen and plant spacing on sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .). Nitrogen rates were 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg/ ha, and plants were spaced 15, 30, and 46 cm apart within rows 1.1 m wide. Nitrogen at 56 kg/ha increased seed yield, grams of seed per head, seed size, and head diameter 653 kg/ha, 17.7 g, 1.9 g/200, and 2.2 cm, respectively, as compared to nontreated plots. Plant height was increased 11 cm and stem diameter 4 mm by 56 kgN/ha. No further increases resulted from additional N. Nitrogen did not affect number of leaves per plant. Seed yield decreased, but yield per head and head diameter increased with each 15‐cm increase in plant spacing. Seed were larger at 30‐ and 46‐ than at 15‐cm spacing. Spacing did not affect plant height or number of leaves, but stem diameter increased with wider spacing. There was no significant interaction between nitrogen and plant spacing for any characteristic studied.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
56 kg/ha nitrogen increased seed yield by 653 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- Nitrogen at 56 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 653 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- nontreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen at 56 kg/ha increased seed yield, grams of seed per head, seed size, and head diameter 653 kg/ha, 17.7 g, 1.9 g/200, and 2.2 cm, respectively, as compared to nontreated plots”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
56 kg/ha nitrogen increased seed weight per head by 17.7 g.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen at 56 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- grams of seed per heade0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.7 ge0
- Comparator
- nontreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen at 56 kg/ha increased seed yield, grams of seed per head, seed size, and head diameter 653 kg/ha, 17.7 g, 1.9 g/200, and 2.2 cm, respectively, as compared to nontreated plots”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
56 kg/ha nitrogen increased seed size by 1.9 g/200.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen at 56 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.9 g/200e0
- Comparator
- nontreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen at 56 kg/ha increased seed yield, grams of seed per head, seed size, and head diameter 653 kg/ha, 17.7 g, 1.9 g/200, and 2.2 cm, respectively, as compared to nontreated plots”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
56 kg/ha nitrogen increased head diameter by 2.2 cm.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen at 56 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- head diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.2 cme0
- Comparator
- nontreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen at 56 kg/ha increased seed yield, grams of seed per head, seed size, and head diameter 653 kg/ha, 17.7 g, 1.9 g/200, and 2.2 cm, respectively, as compared to nontreated plots”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
56 kg nitrogen increased plant height by 11 cm.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- 56 kgN/hae0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height was increased 11 cm and stem diameter 4 mm by 56 kgN/ha”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
56 kg nitrogen increased stem diameter by 4 mm.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- 56 kgN/hae0
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height was increased 11 cm and stem diameter 4 mm by 56 kgN/ha”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional nitrogen gave no further increases.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- additional Ne0
- Outcome
- No further increasese0
- Direction
- No further increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No further increases resulted from additional N”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not affect leaf number.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen did not affect number of leaves per plant”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield decreased with each 15-cm spacing increase.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- 15‐cm increase in plant spacinge0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield decreased, but yield per head and head diameter increased with each 15‐cm increase in plant spacing”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield per head increased with each 15-cm spacing increase.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- 15‐cm increase in plant spacinge0
- Outcome
- yield per heade0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield decreased, but yield per head and head diameter increased with each 15‐cm increase in plant spacing”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Head diameter increased with each 15-cm spacing increase.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- 15‐cm increase in plant spacinge0
- Outcome
- head diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield decreased, but yield per head and head diameter increased with each 15‐cm increase in plant spacing”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds were larger at 30 and 46 cm than 15 cm spacing.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- 30‐ and 46‐e0
- Outcome
- Seede0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- 15‐cm spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed were larger at 30‐ and 46‐ than at 15‐cm spacing”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing did not affect plant height or number of leaves.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- Spacinge0
- Outcome
- plant height or number of leavese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spacing did not affect plant height or number of leaves, but stem diameter increased with wider spacing”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem diameter increased with wider spacing.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- wider spacinge0
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spacing did not affect plant height or number of leaves, but stem diameter increased with wider spacing”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and spacing had no significant interaction.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- nitrogene0
- Outcome
- interaction between nitrogen and plant spacinge0
- Direction
- no significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant interaction between nitrogen and plant spacing for any characteristic studied”
e1“sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L .)”
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See all 196 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.