Abstract
At an elevation of 2040 ft on the southern tablelands of Kew South Wales, seed production by swards of subterranean clover was apparently governed by mininnnn temperatures (frequency and intensity of frosts) during the flowering period. The aggregate deficit of the daily minimum temperature below 40°F in the 21 days from the commencement of flowering showed a high correlation with seed production per unit area in four successive seasons. Spring frosts account for the altitudinal limit of about 4000 ft to which subterranean clover grows in the alps of south-eastern Australia. Lateness of flowering has specific survival value at high altitudes in this region and in such areas as the high parts of the plateau of Spain. On the average 92 per cent. of the seed crop germinated in the year following its production, with 6.3 per cent. in the second year, and with falling values to 0.07 per cent. in the fifth year. Germination thereafter was nil or negligible. The early-flowering variety Dwalganup appeared to show a genetic difference in the persistence of more of its seed into the second and subsequent years. There was a regular seasonal pattern of seed germination, with the peak of germination occurring in the late summer and autumn. The "carry over" of seed into the second and subsequent years, and the germination peak in the autumn, have each considerable ecological significance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seed production was apparently governed by frost temperatures during flowering.
- Taxon
- subterranean clover
Trifolium subterraneume0 - Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Outcome
- seed productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed production by swards of subterranean clover was apparently governed by mininnnn temperatures (frequency and intensity of frosts) during the flowering period.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum temperature deficit correlated highly with seed production.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumt0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Outcome
- seed production per unit areae0
- Qualifier
- four successive seasonse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The aggregate deficit of the daily minimum temperature below 40°F in the 21 days from the commencement of flowering showed a high correlation with seed production per unit area in four successive seasons.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring frosts account for an approximately 4000 ft altitudinal limit.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneume0
- Outcome
- altitudinal limite0
- Value
- about 4000 fte0
- Qualifier
- Spring frostse0
- Setting
- alps of south-eastern Australiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring frosts account for the altitudinal limit of about 4000 ft to which subterranean clover grows in the alps of south-eastern Australia.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Late flowering has survival value at high altitude.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumt0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Outcome
- survival valuee0
- Setting
- high parts of the plateau of Spaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lateness of flowering has specific survival value at high altitudes in this region and in such areas as the high parts of the plateau of Spain.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
92 per cent of seed germinated in the following year.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumt0
- Outcome
- seed crop germinatede0
- Value
- 92 per cent.e0
- Qualifier
- year following its productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the average 92 per cent. of the seed crop germinated in the year following its production, with 6.3 per cent. in the second year, and with falling values to 0.07 per cent. in the fifth year.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
6.3 per cent of seed germinated in the second year.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumt0
- Outcome
- seed crop germinatede0
- Value
- 6.3 per cent.e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the average 92 per cent. of the seed crop germinated in the year following its production, with 6.3 per cent. in the second year, and with falling values to 0.07 per cent. in the fifth year.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
0.07 per cent of seed germinated in year five.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumt0
- Outcome
- seed crop germinatede0
- Value
- 0.07 per cent.e0
- Qualifier
- fifth yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the average 92 per cent. of the seed crop germinated in the year following its production, with 6.3 per cent. in the second year, and with falling values to 0.07 per cent. in the fifth year.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination after year five was nil or negligible.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumt0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- nil or negligiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination thereafter was nil or negligible.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Dwalganup appeared to retain more seed into later years.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumt0
- Material
- Dwalganupe0
- Outcome
- persistence of more of its seede0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The early-flowering variety Dwalganup appeared to show a genetic difference in the persistence of more of its seed into the second and subsequent years.”
t0“subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germination peaked in late summer and autumn.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneumt0
- Outcome
- peak of germinatione0
- Qualifier
- late summer and autumne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a regular seasonal pattern of seed germination, with the peak of germination occurring in the late summer and autumn.”
t0“subterranean clover”