Abstract
Aphelinus mali is the most important biological control agent of Eriosoma lanigerum, a serious pest of apples. The effects of 14 insecticides and 10 fungicides on the adult stage of the parasitiod, A. mali, were investigated under laboratory conditions. Some insecticides were also screened for their effect on the emergence of adult wasps from mummified aphids. Most chemicals were highly toxic to the adult wasps which succumbed within 24 h of exposure to the chemicals. Exceptions were endosulfan, two insect growth regulators and all fungicides tested. Percentage emergence of adult wasps from the mummies was high after treatment with all chemicals tested. However, in the case of chlorpyrifos more than 60 % of the parasitoid adults died soon after emergence, while nearly 30 % of the adults died soon after emerging from mummies treated with carbaryl (XLR Plus) and fenthion.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Most tested chemicals killed adult Aphelinus mali within 24 hours.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Most chemicalse0
- Interactor
- adult waspse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- adult waspse0
- Direction
- succumbede0
- Value
- 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most chemicals were highly toxic to the adult wasps which succumbed within 24 h of exposure to the chemicals”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan was an exception to high adult-wasp toxicity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- endosulfane0
- Outcome
- Exceptionse0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exceptions were endosulfan, two insect growth regulators and all fungicides tested.”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Two insect growth regulators were exceptions to high adult-wasp toxicity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- two insect growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- Exceptionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exceptions were endosulfan, two insect growth regulators and all fungicides tested.”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested fungicides were exceptions to high adult-wasp toxicity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- all fungicides testede0
- Outcome
- Exceptionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exceptions were endosulfan, two insect growth regulators and all fungicides tested.”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Adult wasp emergence from mummies was high after every tested chemical.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- all chemicals testede0
- Interactor
- adult waspse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Percentage emergence of adult waspse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage emergence of adult wasps from the mummies was high after treatment with all chemicals tested.”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 60% of adult parasitoids died soon after emerging from chlorpyrifos-treated mummies.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- chlorpyrifose0
- Interactor
- parasitoid adultse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitoid adults died soon after emergencee0
- Direction
- diede0
- Value
- more than 60 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the case of chlorpyrifos more than 60 % of the parasitoid adults died soon after emergence”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly 30% of adult parasitoids died after emerging from carbaryl-treated mummies.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- carbaryl (XLR Plus)e0
- Outcome
- adults died soon after emerginge0
- Direction
- diede0
- Value
- nearly 30 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nearly 30 % of the adults died soon after emerging from mummies treated with carbaryl (XLR Plus) and fenthion”
t0“apple orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly 30% of adult parasitoids died after emerging from fenthion-treated mummies.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- fenthione0
- Outcome
- adults died soon after emerginge0
- Direction
- diede0
- Value
- nearly 30 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nearly 30 % of the adults died soon after emerging from mummies treated with carbaryl (XLR Plus) and fenthion”
t0“apple orchards”
The same questions in other papers
chlorpyrifos · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
carbaryl · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.