Abstract
Maha Pancha Gavya (MPG), a concoction made from five cow products was tested for its toxicity against Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz. and its antagonists at 5, 10, 25, and 50% concentration in in vitro to find out if it can be used in integration for the control of damping-off in tomato in nursery beds. MPG was very effective inihibiting the growth of P. aphanidermatum. At the highest concentration, the growth of the pathogen was negligible. Isolates of Trichoderma viride, T harzianum, and T. virens were also sensitive to MPG at all the concentrations. Their radial growth decreased, but it was fluffy in nature and sporulated profusely. MPG was not toxic against two bacterial antagonists i.e., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Soil application of 10% MPG to nursery beds improved seedling stand and gave upto 48.27% tlisease control, which was more than that given by individual antagonists. However, MPG improved disease control efficacy of all the antagonists when it was used in combination with them. Integrated treatment with MPG and B. subtilis gave maximum disease control (65.33%). MPG enhanced seedling growth and it was more in combination with T. viride and B. subtilis. MPG in integration with neem cake and neem leaf extract gave complete control of damping-off and maxium increase in height of the tomato seedlings. Keywords: Maha Panch Gavya (MPG); Trichoderma; Pythium aphanidermatum; integrated control; neem products; tomato; damping-off. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5862Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 11-16, March 2010
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, MPG was very effective in inhibiting growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, and growth was negligible at the highest concentration.
- Taxon
- P. aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0
- Treatment
- MPGe0
- Interactor
- P. aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of P. aphanidermatume0
- Direction
- inihibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“MPG was very effective inihibiting the growth of P. aphanidermatum”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, radial growth of Trichoderma viride isolates decreased with MPG at all concentrations, though growth was fluffy and sporulated profusely.
- Taxon
- Trichoderma viride
Trichoderma viridee0 - Treatment
- MPGe0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma virideTrichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- radial growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- fluffy in nature and sporulated profuselye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of Trichoderma viride, T harzianum, and T. virens were also sensitive to MPG at all the concentrations. Their radial growth decreased, but it was fluffy in nature and sporulated profusely”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, radial growth of T harzianum isolates decreased with MPG at all concentrations, though growth was fluffy and sporulated profusely.
- Taxon
- T harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0 - Treatment
- MPGe0
- Interactor
- T harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- radial growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- fluffy in nature and sporulated profuselye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of Trichoderma viride, T harzianum, and T. virens were also sensitive to MPG at all the concentrations. Their radial growth decreased, but it was fluffy in nature and sporulated profusely”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, radial growth of T. virens isolates decreased with MPG at all concentrations, though growth was fluffy and sporulated profusely.
- Taxon
- T. virensTrichoderma virense0
- Treatment
- MPGe0
- Interactor
- T. virensTrichoderma virense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- radial growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- fluffy in nature and sporulated profuselye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of Trichoderma viride, T harzianum, and T. virens were also sensitive to MPG at all the concentrations. Their radial growth decreased, but it was fluffy in nature and sporulated profusely”
Claim · model-written summary
MPG was not toxic to the bacterial antagonist Bacillus subtilis in vitro.
- Taxon
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0 - Treatment
- MPGe0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- not toxice0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MPG was not toxic against two bacterial antagonists i.e., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens”
Claim · model-written summary
MPG was not toxic to the bacterial antagonist Pseudomonas fluorescens in vitro.
- Taxon
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0 - Treatment
- MPGe0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- not toxice0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“MPG was not toxic against two bacterial antagonists i.e., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of 10% MPG to nursery beds improved tomato seedling stand.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Soil application of 10% MPG to nursery bedse0
- Outcome
- seedling stande0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum”
e0“Soil application of 10% MPG to nursery beds improved seedling stand”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of 10% MPG to nursery beds gave up to 48.27% damping-off control in tomato, more than individual antagonists.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Soil application of 10% MPG to nursery bedse0
- Interactor
- Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- antagonistse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- tlisease controle0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 48.27%e0
- Comparator
- individual antagonistse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum”
e0“Soil application of 10% MPG to nursery beds improved seedling stand and gave upto 48.27% tlisease control, which was more than that given by individual antagonists”
Claim · model-written summary
MPG improved the disease control efficacy of all the antagonists when used in combination with them.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MPGe0
- Interactor
- Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- antagonistse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease control efficacye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- when it was used in combination with theme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum”
e0“MPG improved disease control efficacy of all the antagonists when it was used in combination with them”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated treatment with MPG and B. subtilis gave maximum damping-off control of 65.33%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Integrated treatment with MPG and B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 65.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum”
e0“Integrated treatment with MPG and B. subtilis gave maximum disease control (65.33%)”
Claim · model-written summary
MPG enhanced tomato seedling growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MPGe0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum”
e0“MPG enhanced seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
MPG enhanced seedling growth more in combination with T. viride and B. subtilis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MPGe0
- Interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- in combination with T. viride and B. subtilise0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum”
e0“MPG enhanced seedling growth and it was more in combination with T. viride and B. subtilis”
Claim · model-written summary
MPG integrated with neem cake and neem leaf extract gave complete control of damping-off.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MPG in integration with neem cake and neem leaf extracte0
- Interactor
- Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- damping-offe0
- Direction
- complete controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum”
e0“MPG in integration with neem cake and neem leaf extract gave complete control of damping-off”
Claim · model-written summary
MPG integrated with neem cake and neem leaf extract gave the maximum increase in height of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- MPG in integration with neem cake and neem leaf extracte0
- Outcome
- height of the tomato seedlingse0
- Direction
- maxium increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MPG in integration with neem cake and neem leaf extract gave complete control of damping-off and maxium increase in height of the tomato seedlings”
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