Abstract
Herbage yield, herbage nitrogen, and soil nitrogen accumulation were followed over a five-year period (1958-63) under irrigated annual and perennial pastures established initially with different clovergrass proportions. Species sown in the annual pasture treatments were subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Tallarook) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera). Those used in the perennial mixtures were white clover (T. repens cv. Irrigation) and perennial ryegrass (L. perenne cv. Victorian). In the treatments sown to annual or perennial ryegrass only, nitrogenous fertilizer as urea was applied annually at four rates. Total soil nitrogen (mat + 0-91 cm of soil) after five years did not differ significantly for annual pasture and bare ground. In contrast, total soil nitrogen under all perennial pasture treatments, particularly those with a white clover component, was significantly greater than for bare soil (5365 cf. 4181 kg ha-1). Where white clover was sown, nitrogen accumulated at the rate of 258 kg ha-1 per annum compared with 101 kg ha-1 per annum under subterranean clover, the latter barely matching the accumulation rate under perennial ryegrass sown alone without applied nitrogen (105 kg N ha-1 p.a.). Nitrogen accumulation (soil plus mat) was related to both legume and non-legume nitrogen. Perennial pasture, particularly if white clover was present, generally outyielded annual pasture. The total yield of white clover over five years was 29,970 kg ha-1 compared with 11,614 kg ha-1 for subterranean clover. Annual and perennial ryegrasses showed similar yield responses to applied nitrogen. Irrespective of the rate of urea application, nitrogen recovery was low (21-23 per cent).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Annual pasture soil nitrogen did not differ significantly from bare ground after five years.
- Taxon
- subterranean clover
Trifolium subterraneume1 - Treatment
- annual pasturee0
- Outcome
- Total soil nitrogene0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- bare grounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total soil nitrogen (mat + 0-91 cm of soil) after five years did not differ significantly for annual pasture and bare ground”
e1“subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Tallarook) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera)”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial pasture soil nitrogen exceeded bare soil, especially with white clover.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- perennial pasture treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total soil nitrogene0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 5365 cf. 4181 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- bare soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total soil nitrogen under all perennial pasture treatments, particularly those with a white clover component, was significantly greater than for bare soil (5365 cf. 4181 kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover pastures accumulated nitrogen at 258 kg ha-1 per annum.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Outcome
- nitrogen accumulatede0
- Value
- 258 kg ha-1 per annume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Where white clover was sown, nitrogen accumulated at the rate of 258 kg ha-1 per annum”
Claim · model-written summary
Subterranean clover pastures accumulated nitrogen at 101 kg ha-1 per annum.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneume0
- Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Value
- 101 kg ha-1 per annume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen accumulated at the rate of 258 kg ha-1 per annum compared with 101 kg ha-1 per annum under subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Unfertilized perennial ryegrass accumulated nitrogen at 105 kg N ha-1 p.a.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0 - Outcome
- nitrogene0
- Value
- 105 kg N ha-1 p.a.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“perennial ryegrass sown alone without applied nitrogen (105 kg N ha-1 p.a.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and mat nitrogen accumulation was related to legume and non-legume nitrogen.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Compound
- legume and non-legume nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen accumulation (soil plus mat)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen accumulation (soil plus mat) was related to both legume and non-legume nitrogen”
e1“white clover (T. repens cv. Irrigation) and perennial ryegrass (L. perenne cv. Victorian)”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial pasture generally outyielded annual pasture, especially with white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Perennial pasturee0
- Outcome
- outyieldede0
- Direction
- outyieldede0
- Comparator
- annual pasturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Perennial pasture, particularly if white clover was present, generally outyielded annual pasture”
Claim · model-written summary
Five-year white clover yield was 29,970 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Value
- 29,970 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total yield of white clover over five years was 29,970 kg ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Five-year subterranean clover yield was 11,614 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- subterranean cloverTrifolium subterraneume0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Value
- 11,614 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total yield of white clover over five years was 29,970 kg ha-1 compared with 11,614 kg ha-1 for subterranean clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual and perennial ryegrass had similar yield responses to applied nitrogen.
- Treatment
- applied nitrogene0
- Outcome
- yield responsese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- Annual and perennial ryegrassese0
LoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Annual and perennial ryegrasses showed similar yield responses to applied nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen recovery was 21-23 per cent regardless of urea rate.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of the rate of urea application, nitrogen recovery was low (21-23 per cent)”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · LoliumPositive and negative results
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See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.