Abstract
Summary The effects of six intervals between harvests and three levels of N application on the initiation, emergence and longevity of leaves and longevity of tillers of Italian ryegrass and on dimensions and weights of leaves of four ryegrass varieties were studied in the first harvest year in field experiments. Dimensions and weights of leaves and ‘stems’ of the four varieties were recorded on three dates in the second harvest year. The number of leaf primordia on the shoot apex of young Italian ryegrass tillers was increased by N application and seemed to be increased by increasing the period of uninterrupted growth allowed to the parent tillers. The number of leaves which emerged on marked tillers during a 30-week period was approximately halved by increasing the interval between harvests from 3 to 10 weeks, but was not affected by N application. The number of leaves which died on marked tillers was at least doubled by increasing the interval between harvests from 3 to 5 weeks. The second and third leaves to emerge on a tiller had a longer potential life than the first leaf. Increasing the interval between harvests greatly increased the average age of the green leaves in the canopy at the time of harvest. Length and width, but not thickness, of fully expanded green leaf blades were increased by both N application and increased interval between harvests. The effect of applied N in increasing leaf size appeared to be an important reason for the positive effect of N on yield, particularly with the longer intervals. The effect of N in increasing the number of tillers and leaves was important with the shorter intervals. Applied N reduced dry weight per unit volume of plant tissue and increased ‘stem’ length and increased weight and volume of herbage per unit volume of canopy. The area of exposed surface of ‘stem’ seemed too large to be ignored when considering the photosynthetic capacity of the canopy, particularly with the longer intervals.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased leaf primordia on young Italian ryegrass tillers.
- Taxon
- Italian ryegrass
Lolium multiflorume0 - Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- number of leaf primordiae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of leaf primordia on the shoot apex of young Italian ryegrass tillers was increased by N application”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer uninterrupted growth of parent tillers appeared to increase leaf primordia.
- Treatment
- increasing the period of uninterrupted growthe0
- Outcome
- number of leaf primordiae1
- Direction
- increasede0
LoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seemed to be increased by increasing the period of uninterrupted growth allowed to the parent tillers”
t0“Lolium”
e1“The number of leaf primordia”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing harvest interval from 3 to 10 weeks approximately halved emerged leaves over 30 weeks.
- Treatment
- increasing the interval between harvests from 3 to 10 weekse0
- Outcome
- number of leaves which emergede0
- Direction
- halvede0
- Value
- approximately halvede0
- Comparator
- 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of leaves which emerged on marked tillers during a 30-week period was approximately halved by increasing the interval between harvests from 3 to 10 weeks”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not affect the number of leaves that emerged.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was not affected by N application”
t0“Lolium”
e1“The number of leaves which emerged”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing harvest interval from 3 to 5 weeks at least doubled leaf deaths.
- Treatment
- increasing the interval between harvests from 3 to 5 weekse0
- Outcome
- number of leaves which diede0
- Direction
- doublede0
- Value
- at least doublede0
- Comparator
- 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of leaves which died on marked tillers was at least doubled by increasing the interval between harvests from 3 to 5 weeks”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
The second and third leaves had longer potential lives than the first.
- Organ / stage
- second and third leavese0
- Outcome
- potential lifee0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- first leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The second and third leaves to emerge on a tiller had a longer potential life than the first leaf”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer harvest intervals greatly increased average age of green canopy leaves at harvest.
- Treatment
- Increasing the interval between harvestse0
- Outcome
- average age of the green leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the interval between harvests greatly increased the average age of the green leaves in the canopy at the time of harvest”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and longer harvest intervals increased length and width of green leaf blades.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Length and width, but not thickness, of fully expanded green leaf blades were increased by both N application and increased interval between harvests”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Green leaf blade thickness did not increase with nitrogen or longer harvest intervals.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Length and width, but not thickness, of fully expanded green leaf blades were increased by both N application and increased interval between harvests”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-induced leaf enlargement appeared important for yield gains, especially at longer harvest intervals.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of applied N in increasing leaf size appeared to be an important reason for the positive effect of N on yield, particularly with the longer intervals”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen-induced increases in tillers and leaves mattered at shorter intervals.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of N in increasing the number of tillers and leaves was important with the shorter intervals”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen reduced dry weight per unit plant tissue volume.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applied N reduced dry weight per unit volume of plant tissue”
t0“Lolium”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen increased stem length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased ‘stem’ length”
t0“Lolium”
e1“Applied N reduced dry weight per unit volume of plant tissue and increased ‘stem’ length”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen increased herbage weight and volume per unit canopy volume.
- Treatment
- Applied Ne1
- Outcome
- weight and volume of herbage per unit volume of canopye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased weight and volume of herbage per unit volume of canopy”
t0“Lolium”
e1“Applied N reduced dry weight per unit volume of plant tissue and increased ‘stem’ length and increased weight and volume of herbage per unit volume of canopy”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposed stem surface appeared too large to ignore in assessing canopy photosynthesis, especially at longer intervals.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The area of exposed surface of ‘stem’ seemed too large to be ignored when considering the photosynthetic capacity of the canopy, particularly with the longer intervals”
t0“Lolium”
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See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.