Abstract
The effects of gravistimulation direction on tuber formation and amyloplast distribution in the tuber tips of Chinese yam were investigated. Tubers placed vertically for either 2 or 14 d elongated in the direction of gravity vector. The subapical parts of tubers that were positioned horizontally for 2 d curved slightly toward the gravity direction, and such tubers elongated downward after 14 d. In tubers that were inversed for 14 d, the tips bent and eventually elongated in the direction of the gravity vector. These results indicated that the subapical part of the tuber was the initial site of curvature in response to gravistimulation. Microscopy and measurement of amyloplast sedimentation ratios showed that many amyloplasts sedimented downward in each tip cell of tubers that were placed vertically, inversely or horizontally. The results indicated that amyloplast sedimentation direction corresponded with the eventual direction of tuber elongation under different gravistimulation orientations. Tubers rotated at 90° intervals every day for 14 d did not have an elongating shape and grew multiple tips at different angles. In the rotated tubers, amyloplasts dispersed within the tip cells. These results showed that proper sedimentation of amyloplasts would be essential for the normal elongation and formation of tubers. The results of this study supported the possibility that sedimentable amyloplasts in the tuber tip were involved in gravity sensing and tuber formation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Vertically placed tubers elongated along gravity after 2 or 14 days.
- Taxon
- Chinese Yam
Dioscorea polystachyat0 - Treatment
- placed verticallye0
- Outcome
- elongated in the direction of gravity vectore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tubers placed vertically for either 2 or 14 d elongated in the direction of gravity vector.”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Horizontal tubers curved toward gravity after 2 days.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Organ / stage
- subapical parts of tuberse0
- Outcome
- curved slightly toward the gravity directione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The subapical parts of tubers that were positioned horizontally for 2 d curved slightly toward the gravity direction”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Horizontal tubers elongated downward after 14 days.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Outcome
- elongated downwarde0
- Qualifier
- 14 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such tubers elongated downward after 14 d”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Inverted tuber tips bent and elongated along gravity after 14 days.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Treatment
- inversed for 14 de0
- Outcome
- tips bent and eventually elongated in the direction of the gravity vectore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In tubers that were inversed for 14 d, the tips bent and eventually elongated in the direction of the gravity vector.”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
The subapical tuber region was the initial site of gravistimulated curvature.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Organ / stage
- subapical part of the tubere0
- Outcome
- initial site of curvaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the subapical part of the tuber was the initial site of curvature in response to gravistimulation”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Amyloplasts sedimented downward in tip cells under three orientations.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Organ / stage
- tip celle0
- Outcome
- amyloplasts sedimented downwarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“many amyloplasts sedimented downward in each tip cell of tubers that were placed vertically, inversely or horizontally”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Amyloplast sedimentation direction corresponded with eventual tuber elongation direction.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Organ / stage
- tubere0
- Outcome
- eventual direction of tuber elongatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amyloplast sedimentation direction corresponded with the eventual direction of tuber elongation under different gravistimulation orientations”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Daily rotation prevented an elongating tuber shape.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Treatment
- rotated at 90° intervals every day for 14 de0
- Outcome
- did not have an elongating shapee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tubers rotated at 90° intervals every day for 14 d did not have an elongating shape”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Daily rotation produced multiple tuber tips at different angles.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Treatment
- rotated at 90° intervals every day for 14 de1
- Outcome
- grew multiple tips at different anglese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grew multiple tips at different angles”
e1“Tubers rotated at 90° intervals every day for 14 d”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Amyloplasts dispersed in tip cells of rotated tubers.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Organ / stage
- tip cellse0
- Outcome
- amyloplasts dispersede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the rotated tubers, amyloplasts dispersed within the tip cells.”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Proper amyloplast sedimentation appeared essential for normal tuber elongation and formation.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Outcome
- normal elongation and formation of tuberse0
- Qualifier
- proper sedimentation of amyloplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proper sedimentation of amyloplasts would be essential for the normal elongation and formation of tubers”
t0“Chinese Yam”
Claim · model-written summary
Sedimentable amyloplasts in tuber tips may participate in gravity sensing and tuber formation.
- Taxon
- Chinese YamDioscorea polystachyat0
- Outcome
- gravity sensing and tuber formatione0
- Qualifier
- sedimentable amyloplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sedimentable amyloplasts in the tuber tip were involved in gravity sensing and tuber formation”
t0“Chinese Yam”