Abstract
Effect of strong (75%) and complete (100%) artificial defoliation of weeping birch Betula pendula Roth on the dynamics of soluble sugars and phenols—flavonols, catechins, and tannins in leaves of damaged plants was investigated. Within the first 15 days after strong defoliation of birch, no changes were found in leaf contents of flavonol, catechin, and tannin. The concentration of sugars first increased but, on the 10th day after defoliation, it returned to the normal level. One year after strong defoliation, the lead concentrations of catechins and tannins in damaged trees increased, while the concentrations of flavonols and sugars did not differ from that in leaves of control trees. In two years after strong damage, the increased concentration of tannins was retained, while catechins and sugars remained at the control level. One year after complete (100%) artificial defoliation, the leaf concentrations of flavonols and sugars in damaged plants did not differ from that in control plants, while the leaf concentrations of catechins and tannins exceeded those in control plants. Two years after complete damage, the leaves contained an increased amount of tannins, whereas the amounts of catechins, flavonols, and sugars did not differ from the control levels.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 days after strong defoliation, leaf flavonol, catechin and tannin content did not change.
- Taxon
- birche0
- Treatment
- strong defoliatione0
- Outcome
- leaf contents of flavonol, catechin, and tannine0
- Direction
- no changese0
- Qualifier
- first 15 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Within the first 15 days after strong defoliation of birch, no changes were found in leaf contents of flavonol, catechin, and tannin”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sugars initially increased after defoliation.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of sugars first increased”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sugars returned to normal by day 10.
Verbatim
e0“on the 10th day after defoliation, it returned to the normal level”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
One year after strong defoliation, catechins and tannins increased.
- Taxon
- weeping bircht0
- Treatment
- strong defoliatione0
- Outcome
- concentrations of catechins and tanninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- One yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“One year after strong defoliation, the lead concentrations of catechins and tannins in damaged trees increased”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
One year after strong defoliation, flavonols and sugars did not differ from controls.
- Taxon
- weeping bircht0
- Outcome
- concentrations of flavonols and sugarse0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- control treese0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of flavonols and sugars did not differ from that in leaves of control trees”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after strong damage, tannins remained elevated.
Verbatim
e0“In two years after strong damage, the increased concentration of tannins was retained”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after strong damage, catechins and sugars remained at control levels.
Verbatim
e0“catechins and sugars remained at the control level”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
One year after complete defoliation, flavonols and sugars did not differ from controls.
Verbatim
e0“One year after complete (100%) artificial defoliation, the leaf concentrations of flavonols and sugars in damaged plants did not differ from that in control plants”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
One year after complete defoliation, catechins and tannins exceeded controls.
- Taxon
- weeping bircht0
- Outcome
- leaf concentrations of catechins and tanninse0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“the leaf concentrations of catechins and tannins exceeded those in control plants”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after complete damage, tannins remained elevated.
Verbatim
e0“Two years after complete damage, the leaves contained an increased amount of tannins”
t0“weeping birch”
Claim · model-written summary
Two years after complete damage, catechins, flavonols and sugars did not differ from controls.
- Taxon
- weeping bircht0
- Outcome
- amounts of catechins, flavonols, and sugarse0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Not reportedTreatment
Verbatim
e0“the amounts of catechins, flavonols, and sugars did not differ from the control levels”
t0“weeping birch”