Abstract
Relief of salt (0.1 molar NaCl) stress on germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv Mesa 659) seeds occurred with applications of 0.05 millimolar kinetin (KIN) and 1 to 10 millimolar 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Treatment with KIN enhanced the pregermination ethylene production under saline condition. A synergistic or an additive enhancement of pregermination ethylene production and germination occurred under saline condition in the presence of KIN and a saturating dose (10 millimolar) of ACC. No KIN-ACC synergism was noted in ethylene production or germination under nonsaline condition. Addition of 1 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) inhibited the KIN-enhanced pregermination ethylene production (85 to 89%) and germination (58%) under saline condition but not the synergistic effect of KIN + ACC on ethylene production. Under nonsaline condition, AVG had no effect on germination even though ethylene production was strongly inhibited. Alleviation of salt stress by KIN was inhibited in a competitive manner by 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) (0.02-0.2 milliliter per liter), and the addition of ACC and/or ethylene reduced this inhibition. An increase in the pregermination ethylene production and germination occurred also by cotylenin E (CN) under saline condition. However, neither AVG (1 millimolar) nor NBD (0.02 to 0.2 milliliter per liter) prevented the relief of salt stress by CN. Thus, KIN may alleviate salt stress on germination by promoting both ACC production and its conversion to ethylene. Rapid utilization of ACC may be the basis for the synergistic or the additive effect of KIN plus ACC. The need for ethylene production and action for the relief of salt stress is circumvented by a treatment with CN.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin and ACC relieved salt stress on lettuce seed germination.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Material
- cv Mesa 659e0
- Treatment
- 0.05 millimolar kinetin (KIN) and 1 to 10 millimolar 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- Reliefe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relief of salt (0.1 molar NaCl) stress on germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv Mesa 659) seeds occurred with applications of 0.05 millimolar kinetin (KIN) and 1 to 10 millimolar 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC).”
Claim · model-written summary
KIN increased pregermination ethylene production under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- KINe0
- Outcome
- pregermination ethylene productione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with KIN enhanced the pregermination ethylene production under saline condition.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
KIN and 10 millimolar ACC synergistically or additively enhanced ethylene production and germination in saline conditions.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- KIN and a saturating dose (10 millimolar) of ACCe0
- Outcome
- pregermination ethylene production and germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A synergistic or an additive enhancement of pregermination ethylene production and germination occurred under saline condition in the presence of KIN and a saturating dose (10 millimolar) of ACC.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
No KIN-ACC synergism was observed under nonsaline conditions.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- ethylene production or germinatione0
- Qualifier
- under nonsaline conditione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No KIN-ACC synergism was noted in ethylene production or germination under nonsaline condition.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG inhibited KIN-enhanced pregermination ethylene production by 85 to 89% under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 1 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- KIN-enhanced pregermination ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 85 to 89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 1 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) inhibited the KIN-enhanced pregermination ethylene production (85 to 89%) and germination (58%) under saline condition but not the synergistic effect of KIN + ACC on ethylene production.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG inhibited KIN-enhanced germination by 58% under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 1 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 1 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) inhibited the KIN-enhanced pregermination ethylene production (85 to 89%) and germination (58%) under saline condition but not the synergistic effect of KIN + ACC on ethylene production.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG did not inhibit the KIN plus ACC synergistic effect on ethylene production.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- KIN + ACCe0
- Outcome
- synergistic effect of KIN + ACC on ethylene productione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not the synergistic effect of KIN + ACC on ethylene production.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG had no effect on nonsaline germination despite strong inhibition of ethylene production.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- AVGe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under nonsaline condition, AVG had no effect on germination even though ethylene production was strongly inhibited.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG strongly inhibited ethylene production under nonsaline conditions.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- AVGe0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under nonsaline condition, AVG had no effect on germination even though ethylene production was strongly inhibited.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
NBD competitively inhibited the relief of salt stress by KIN.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) (0.02-0.2 milliliter per liter)e0
- Outcome
- Alleviation of salt stress by KINe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alleviation of salt stress by KIN was inhibited in a competitive manner by 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) (0.02-0.2 milliliter per liter), and the addition of ACC and/or ethylene reduced this inhibition.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC and/or ethylene reduced NBD inhibition of KIN stress alleviation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- ACC and/or ethylenee0
- Outcome
- this inhibitione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of ACC and/or ethylene reduced this inhibition.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotylenin E increased pregermination ethylene production and germination under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- cotylenin E (CN)e0
- Outcome
- pregermination ethylene production and germinatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in the pregermination ethylene production and germination occurred also by cotylenin E (CN) under saline condition.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG did not prevent salt stress relief by cotylenin E.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- AVG (1 millimolar)e0
- Outcome
- relief of salt stress by CNe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, neither AVG (1 millimolar) nor NBD (0.02 to 0.2 milliliter per liter) prevented the relief of salt stress by CN.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
NBD did not prevent salt stress relief by cotylenin E.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- NBD (0.02 to 0.2 milliliter per liter)e0
- Outcome
- relief of salt stress by CNe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, neither AVG (1 millimolar) nor NBD (0.02 to 0.2 milliliter per liter) prevented the relief of salt stress by CN.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that KIN relieves salt stress by promoting ACC production and conversion to ethylene.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- KINe0
- Outcome
- salt stress on germinatione0
- Qualifier
- promoting both ACC production and its conversion to ethylenee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, KIN may alleviate salt stress on germination by promoting both ACC production and its conversion to ethylene.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose rapid ACC utilization as the basis of the KIN plus ACC synergism.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- synergistic or the additive effect of KIN plus ACCe0
- Qualifier
- Rapid utilization of ACCe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rapid utilization of ACC may be the basis for the synergistic or the additive effect of KIN plus ACC.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotylenin E treatment circumvents the need for ethylene production and action in salt stress relief.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- CNe0
- Outcome
- relief of salt stresse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The need for ethylene production and action for the relief of salt stress is circumvented by a treatment with CN.”
t0“Lettuce Seeds”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.