Abstract
Reduced tillage, poultry litter applications, crop rotations, and winter cover cropping are management practices that could be used with conservation tillage systems to increase yields compared to conventional monoculture systems. This study evaluated cropping sequences of corn ( Zea mays L.), soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and corn–soybean rotations with wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) covers in conventional, strip, and no‐tillage (no‐till) systems, following poultry litter additions to wheat cover. The study was conducted from 1991 to 2001 on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (fine‐loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults). Poultry litter (112 kg N ha −1 ) was applied to wheat each year in fall. Wheat not receiving poultry litter received equivalent inorganic N. Corn was fertilized with inorganic fertilizer in spring with 56 kg N ha −1 at planting followed by 168 kg N ha −1 3 wk after emergence; soybean received no fertilizer. Corn yields were influenced by tillage in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 2001 with conventional tillage producing greater yields, except in 1993 (strip tillage) and 2001 (no‐till). Poultry litter increased corn yield in 1991, 1997, and 1998. Crop rotations increased corn yield for all years, except 2001. Soybean yields were not impacted by differences in tillage. Crop rotations significantly impacted soybean yield in 1992, 1995, and 1998, with higher yields observed in 1992, and 1995, and lower yields in 1998. Poultry litter significantly increased soybean yield 8 of the 9 yr evaluated. This study suggests that poultry litter use for these crop rotations in conservation tillage systems could increase sustainable yield production.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage generally gave greater corn yield in the listed years.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- Corn yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- except in 1993 (strip tillage) and 2001 (no‐till)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields were influenced by tillage in 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 2001 with conventional tillage producing greater yields, except in 1993 (strip tillage) and 2001 (no‐till).”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage gave the greater corn yield in 1993.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“except in 1993 (strip tillage) and 2001 (no‐till)”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till gave the greater corn yield in 2001.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“except in 1993 (strip tillage) and 2001 (no‐till)”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry litter increased corn yield in 1991, 1997, and 1998.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Poultry littere0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry litter increased corn yield in 1991, 1997, and 1998.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop rotations increased corn yield except in 2001.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Crop rotationse0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except 2001e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop rotations increased corn yield for all years, except 2001.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was unaffected by tillage differences.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- Soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- not impactede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yields were not impacted by differences in tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations raised soybean yield in 1992 and 1995.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Crop rotationse0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 1992, and 1995e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop rotations significantly impacted soybean yield in 1992, 1995, and 1998, with higher yields observed in 1992, and 1995, and lower yields in 1998.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotations lowered soybean yield in 1998.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Crop rotationse0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- 1998e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crop rotations significantly impacted soybean yield in 1992, 1995, and 1998, with higher yields observed in 1992, and 1995, and lower yields in 1998.”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry litter raised soybean yield in eight of nine evaluated years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Poultry littere0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8 of the 9 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Poultry litter significantly increased soybean yield 8 of the 9 yr evaluated.”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- no effect
- positive
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253 papers in the same direction as this paper · 52 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
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See all 322 papers →tillage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
125 papers in the same direction as this paper · 264 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 390 papers →tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.