Abstract
ABSTRACT Agricultural drainage waters and industrial effluents often consist of waste waters laden with salts, boron (B), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and other contaminants. However, increasing shortages of high-quality water in arid and semiarid regions and increasing demands to maintain the water quality in rivers, lakes, streams, and groundwater have made water reuse an imperative. Trees have been viewed as potential candidates for wastewater reuse because of their capacities for high evapotranspiration, high growth rates, and abilities to accumulate salts and specific ions in a marketable product that is not biologically hazardous. Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance and ion uptake characteristics in a sand culture study in Riverside, CA. After hardwood cuttings were planted and established under nonsaline conditions, young saplings were treated with artificial waste waters containing different levels of salts, Se, and B. High salt concentrations reduced growth and led to leaf damage and shedding; however, Se and B had no detrimental effect on growth. Salinity affected Se and B accumulation patterns in leaves. A significant degree of genetic variation in salt tolerance was noted among the clones. The salinity at which dry weight was reduced ranged from about 3.3 to about 7.6 dS m-1 depending on clone, and the relative decrease in dry weight yield with increasing salinity varied among clones and ranged from about 10 to 15% per dS m-1. This would indicate that poplars, whereas certainly more salt tolerant than avocado trees, are significantly less salt tolerant than eucalyptus. Leaf C1 concentrations increased in relation to the C1 concentrations in the irrigation waters, but also were subject to clonal variation. Salt tolerance in poplar was generally related to C1 in the leaves and stems but was also influenced by growth and vigor characteristics, as well as the allometric relationships between leaves and stems that influenced the sinks in which ions could accumulate before reaching toxic levels.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
High salt concentrations reduced poplar growth.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e2“High salt concentrations reduced growth and led to leaf damage and shedding”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt concentrations led to leaf damage and shedding in poplar.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e2“High salt concentrations reduced growth and led to leaf damage and shedding”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium had no detrimental effect on poplar growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e3“Se and B had no detrimental effect on growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron had no detrimental effect on poplar growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e3“Se and B had no detrimental effect on growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity at which dry weight was reduced ranged from about 3.3 to about 7.6 dS m-1 depending on clone.
- Material
- clonee4
- Outcome
- salinity at which dry weight was reducede4
- Value
- about 3.3 to about 7.6 dS m-1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e4“The salinity at which dry weight was reduced ranged from about 3.3 to about 7.6 dS m-1 depending on clone”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative dry weight yield decrease with increasing salinity was about 10 to 15% per dS m-1, varying among clones.
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye5
- Outcome
- relative decrease in dry weight yielde5
- Direction
- decreasee5
- Value
- about 10 to 15% per dS m-1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e5“the relative decrease in dry weight yield with increasing salinity varied among clones and ranged from about 10 to 15% per dS m-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Poplar clones differed significantly in genetic variation for salt tolerance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e6“A significant degree of genetic variation in salt tolerance was noted among the clones”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity affected the Se and B accumulation patterns in poplar leaves.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e7“Salinity affected Se and B accumulation patterns in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf C1 concentrations increased in relation to C1 concentrations in the irrigation waters, and varied among clones.
- Treatment
- C1 concentrations in the irrigation waterse2
- Outcome
- Leaf C1 concentrationse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- subject to clonal variatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e2“Leaf C1 concentrations increased in relation to the C1 concentrations in the irrigation waters, but also were subject to clonal variation”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance in poplar was generally related to leaf and stem C1.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e2“Salt tolerance in poplar was generally related to C1 in the leaves and stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance in poplar was also influenced by growth and vigor characteristics and by allometric relationships between leaves and stems that determine the sinks where ions accumulate.
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse2
- Outcome
- Salt tolerancee2
- Qualifier
- growth and vigor characteristics, as well as the allometric relationships between leaves and stems that influenced the sinks in which ions could accumulate before reaching toxic levelse3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Clones of eight hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) crosses were tested for salt tolerance”
e2“Salt tolerance in poplar was generally related to C1 in the leaves and stems”
e3“but was also influenced by growth and vigor characteristics, as well as the allometric relationships between leaves and stems that influenced the sinks in which ions could accumulate before reaching toxic levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Poplar is more salt tolerant than avocado trees.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This would indicate that poplars, whereas certainly more salt tolerant than avocado trees, are significantly less salt tolerant than eucalyptus”
Claim · model-written summary
Poplar is significantly less salt tolerant than eucalyptus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This would indicate that poplars, whereas certainly more salt tolerant than avocado trees, are significantly less salt tolerant than eucalyptus”
The same questions in other papers
boron atom · growth · Populus (poplar)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
salinity · pest · Populus (poplar)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · growth · Populus (poplar)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.