Abstract
ABSTRACT Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity. We evaluated the effect of salinity continually from emergence to mature plant growth in successive harvests. We studied emergence, biomass production, salt tolerance, and shoot ion composition as potential physiological mechanisms in four nondormant salt‐tolerant cultivars: Salado, SW 8421S, SW 9720, and SW 9215. Irrigation water salinity dominated by sodium sulfate ranging from 3.1 to 30 dS m −1 of electrical conductivity (EC iw ) was imposed at planting date. Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d. Relative emergence (%) decreased above EC iw 12.7 dS m −1 and was reduced to 53 and 13.4% at 18.4 and 24 dS m −1 , respectively. At EC iw 30 dS m −1 there were no survivor plants. Absolute and relative accumulated biomass from 6 harvests significantly decreased for EC iw above 12.7 dS m −1 (6.0 dS m −1 in the saturation extract [EC e ]). Plants grown at 18.4 and 24 dS m −1 produced 68% and 30% respectively of the biomass produced at 3.1 dS m −1 . Salado showed the least reduction in biomass at elevated salinity and, as with all the cultivars, exhibited yield increases in successive harvests from first through seventh. Increasing salinity increased shoot Na + , total‐S, Cl − , Mg 2+ , and P and decreased K + and Ca 2+ . The ability of Salado to maintain low shoot Na was the mechanism most associated with salt tolerance. Saline waters with resultant EC e values of up to 6 dS m −1 did not significantly reduce total forage production of the second through the seventh harvests. This suggests that irrigation with saline waters resulting in EC e values less than 6 dS m‐ 1 can be used throughout the production cycle (planting to multiple harvests) without significant yield loss for the cultivars examined.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Relative emergence of alfalfa decreased above irrigation water EC of 12.7 dS/m.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- above EC iw 12.7 dS m −1e2
- Outcome
- Relative emergence (%)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e2“Relative emergence (%) decreased above EC iw 12.7 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative emergence at 18.4 dS/m was reduced to 53%.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 18.4 and 24 dS m −1e3
- Outcome
- Relative emergence (%)e2
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 53e3
- Qualifier
- respectivelye3
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e2“Relative emergence (%) decreased above EC iw 12.7 dS m −1”
e3“was reduced to 53 and 13.4% at 18.4 and 24 dS m −1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative emergence at 24 dS/m was reduced to 13.4%.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 18.4 and 24 dS m −1e3
- Outcome
- Relative emergence (%)e2
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 13.4%e3
- Qualifier
- respectivelye3
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e2“Relative emergence (%) decreased above EC iw 12.7 dS m −1”
e3“was reduced to 53 and 13.4% at 18.4 and 24 dS m −1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No alfalfa plants survived at 30 dS/m irrigation water EC.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- EC iw 30 dS m −1e4
- Outcome
- survivor plantse4
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e4“At EC iw 30 dS m −1 there were no survivor plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Accumulated biomass over six harvests decreased significantly above irrigation water EC of 12.7 dS/m.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- EC iw above 12.7 dS m −1e5
- Outcome
- Absolute and relative accumulated biomass from 6 harvestse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e5“Absolute and relative accumulated biomass from 6 harvests significantly decreased for EC iw above 12.7 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants grown at 18.4 dS/m produced 68% of the biomass produced at 3.1 dS/m.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 18.4 and 24 dS m −1e6
- Outcome
- biomasse6
- Direction
- lowerinferrede6
- Value
- 68%e6
- Qualifier
- respectivelye6
- Comparator
- 3.1 dS m −1e6
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e6“Plants grown at 18.4 and 24 dS m −1 produced 68% and 30% respectively of the biomass produced at 3.1 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants grown at 24 dS/m produced 30% of the biomass produced at 3.1 dS/m.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 18.4 and 24 dS m −1e6
- Outcome
- biomasse6
- Direction
- lowerinferrede6
- Value
- 30%e6
- Qualifier
- respectivelye6
- Comparator
- 3.1 dS m −1e6
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e6“Plants grown at 18.4 and 24 dS m −1 produced 68% and 30% respectively of the biomass produced at 3.1 dS m −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Salado showed the least reduction in biomass at elevated salinity compared with all the cultivars.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- Saladoe7
- Treatment
- elevated salinitye7
- Outcome
- reduction in biomasse7
- Direction
- leaste7
- Comparator
- all the cultivarse7
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e7“Salado showed the least reduction in biomass at elevated salinity and, as with all the cultivars, exhibited yield increases in successive harvests from first through seventh”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa yield increased over successive harvests from the first through the seventh.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- increasese7
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e7“Salado showed the least reduction in biomass at elevated salinity and, as with all the cultivars, exhibited yield increases in successive harvests from first through seventh”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity increased shoot Na+, total-S and Cl- in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinitye2
- Outcome
- shoot Na + , total‐S, Cl −e2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e2“Increasing salinity increased shoot Na + , total‐S, Cl − , Mg 2+ , and P and decreased K + and Ca 2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity increased shoot Mg2+ and P in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinitye2
- Outcome
- Mg 2+ , and Pe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e2“Increasing salinity increased shoot Na + , total‐S, Cl − , Mg 2+ , and P and decreased K + and Ca 2+”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity decreased shoot K+ and Ca2+ in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinitye2
- Outcome
- K + and Ca 2+e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e2“Increasing salinity increased shoot Na + , total‐S, Cl − , Mg 2+ , and P and decreased K + and Ca 2+”
Claim · model-written summary
The ability of Salado to maintain low shoot Na was the mechanism most associated with its salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Material
- Saladoe3
- Compound
- shoot Nae3
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e3“The ability of Salado to maintain low shoot Na was the mechanism most associated with salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline waters with EC e up to 6 dS/m did not significantly reduce total forage production over the second through seventh harvests.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Saline waterse4
- Outcome
- total forage productione4
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee4
- Qualifier
- EC e values of up to 6 dS m‐ 1e4
- Setting
- outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CAe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e1“Plants were grown in outdoor sand tanks in Riverside, CA for 300 d”
e4“Saline waters with resultant EC e values of up to 6 dS m‐ 1 did not significantly reduce total forage production of the second through the seventh harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation with saline waters at EC e below 6 dS/m can be used throughout the alfalfa production cycle without significant yield loss for the cultivars examined.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- can be used throughout the production cyclee5
- Value
- less than 6 dS m‐ 1e5
- Qualifier
- without significant yield loss for the cultivars examinede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is an important crop utilized in irrigated regions that are commonly impacted by salinity”
e5“This suggests that irrigation with saline waters resulting in EC e values less than 6 dS m‐ 1 can be used throughout the production cycle (planting to multiple harvests) without significant yield loss for the cultivars examined”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.