Abstract
Effects of fall chilling on responses of sweet viburnum (Viburnum Awabuki K. Koch) cuttings and Japanese black pine (Pinus ThunbergiiParl.) seedlings to the subsequent daylength and temperature treatments were investigated. The chilling treatments were continued for 70 days at 3°C in the dark from October 15, 1976.1) Shoot emergence of viburnum cuttings was promoted by long days and high ambient temperatures when cuttings were not subjected to fall chilling. The amount of shoot growth was greater in the long day lots than in the short day lots. The higher the ambient temperature, the greater the amount of shoot growth. In the lots receiving the long day and 25°C treatment, the shoot was elongating along a rectilinear growth curve during the entire course of growth measurement.On the other hand, subsequent daylength and temperature treatments had almost no influence on the onset of shoot emergence when cuttings were subjected to fall chilling. As for the shoot growth, responses of viburnum cuttings to photoperiod seemed long-day-dependent in subsequent high temperature regimes, faculative-short-day-dependent in intermediate temperature regimes, and daylength-independent in low temperature regimes. The shoot growth of viburnum cuttings was quite active even under low temperature conditions. The shoots elongated along a rectilinear growth curve under 10°C like under 25°C.2) Shoot emergence of pine seedlings was fairly promoted by long days and high ambient temperatures when seedlings were not subjected to fall chilling. In general, the shoot growth of pine seedlings was stimulated by long days and high ambient temperatures. However, when seedlings were subjected to fall chilling, the onset of shoot emergence was affected only slightly by subsequent daylength and temperature treatments. The shoot growth was greater in the long day lots than in the short day lots. The lower the ambient temperature, the greater the shoot growth of pine seedlings.From the results obtained, it may be concluded that if viburnum cuttings and pine seedlings are subjected to fall chilling, subsequent optimum temperatures for the shoot growth of both species tested tend to shift from higher to lower regimes. Furthermore, both viburnum cuttings and pine seedlings that are subjected to fall chilling may show a markedly flourishing shoot growth under subsequent short day conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Long days and high temperatures promoted unchilled viburnum shoot emergence.
- Treatment
- long days and high ambient temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Shoot emergencee0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- not subjected to fall chillinge0
ViburnumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot emergence of viburnum cuttings was promoted by long days and high ambient temperatures when cuttings were not subjected to fall chilling.”
Claim · model-written summary
Viburnum shoot growth was greater under long days than short days.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of shoot growth was greater in the long day lots than in the short day lots.”
e1“sweet viburnum (Viburnum Awabuki K. Koch) cuttings and Japanese black pine (Pinus ThunbergiiParl.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature produced greater viburnum shoot growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher the ambient temperature, the greater the amount of shoot growth.”
e1“sweet viburnum (Viburnum Awabuki K. Koch) cuttings and Japanese black pine (Pinus ThunbergiiParl.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Viburnum shoot growth remained linear under long days at 25°C.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the lots receiving the long day and 25°C treatment, the shoot was elongating along a rectilinear growth curve during the entire course of growth measurement.”
e1“sweet viburnum (Viburnum Awabuki K. Koch) cuttings and Japanese black pine (Pinus ThunbergiiParl.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
After chilling, daylength and temperature had almost no effect on onset of viburnum shoot emergence.
- Treatment
- daylength and temperature treatmentse0
- Outcome
- onset of shoot emergencee0
- Direction
- almost no influencee0
- Comparator
- fall chillinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsequent daylength and temperature treatments had almost no influence on the onset of shoot emergence when cuttings were subjected to fall chilling.”
e1“sweet viburnum (Viburnum Awabuki K. Koch) cuttings and Japanese black pine (Pinus ThunbergiiParl.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilled viburnum shoot growth had different photoperiod responses across temperature regimes.
- Outcome
- long-day-dependent in subsequent high temperature regimes, faculative-short-day-dependent in intermediate temperature regimes, and daylength-independent in low temperature regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of viburnum cuttings to photoperiod seemed long-day-dependent in subsequent high temperature regimes, faculative-short-day-dependent in intermediate temperature regimes, and daylength-independent in low temperature regimes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Viburnum shoot growth remained active and linear at 10°C.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot growth of viburnum cuttings was quite active even under low temperature conditions. The shoots elongated along a rectilinear growth curve under 10°C like under 25°C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long days and high temperatures promoted unchilled pine shoot emergence.
- Treatment
- long days and high ambient temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Shoot emergencee0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- not subjected to fall chillinge0
PinusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot emergence of pine seedlings was fairly promoted by long days and high ambient temperatures when seedlings were not subjected to fall chilling.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long days and high temperatures stimulated pine shoot growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shoot growth of pine seedlings was stimulated by long days and high ambient temperatures.”
Claim · model-written summary
Following chilling, daylength and temperature had little effect on pine shoot emergence onset.
- Treatment
- daylength and temperature treatmentse0
- Outcome
- onset of shoot emergencee0
- Direction
- affected only slightlye0
- Comparator
- fall chillinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the onset of shoot emergence was affected only slightly by subsequent daylength and temperature treatments.”
e1“when seedlings were subjected to fall chilling”
e2“sweet viburnum (Viburnum Awabuki K. Koch) cuttings and Japanese black pine (Pinus ThunbergiiParl.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilled pine shoot growth was greater under long days.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot growth was greater in the long day lots than in the short day lots.”
e1“sweet viburnum (Viburnum Awabuki K. Koch) cuttings and Japanese black pine (Pinus ThunbergiiParl.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilled pine shoot growth was greater at lower temperatures.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower the ambient temperature, the greater the shoot growth of pine seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded chilling shifts optimal shoot growth temperature lower for viburnum and pine.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“subsequent optimum temperatures for the shoot growth of both species tested tend to shift from higher to lower regimes.”
e1“sweet viburnum (Viburnum Awabuki K. Koch) cuttings and Japanese black pine (Pinus ThunbergiiParl.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested chilled viburnum and pine may flourish under short days.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both viburnum cuttings and pine seedlings that are subjected to fall chilling may show a markedly flourishing shoot growth under subsequent short day conditions.”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · ViburnumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.