Abstract
Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is used principally as a feed crop in Québec. Consequently, a high protein concentration in the grain is desirable. A 2‐yr field study was conducted to study the effects of ethephon [(2‐chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] and a late application of triadimefon [l‐(4‐chlorophenoxy)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐(1H‐l,2,4‐triazol‐1yl)‐2‐butanone] on yield and grain protein concentration (GPC) of three cultivars of spring barley. Recommended rates of ethephon were applied at booting, and of triadimefon at heading. Ethephon consistently reduced plant height, and reduced lodging when lodging occurred in control plots. Ethephon and triadimefon effects on yield and GPC were inconsistent. In 1987 triadimefon applied in the absence of ethephon increased the yield of Cadette 22%. Ethephon increased yield of Leger 24%, and decreased yield of Argyle 19%. Increased spikelet sterility at the distal end of main stem spikes was responsible for the yield reductions in Argyle. Ethephon and triadimefon had no significant effect on yield in 1988. Ethephon could alter GPC by reducing the nonprotein dry matter component of the grain, by increasing protein per grain, or by altering the distribution of grain sizes in harvested samples. In 1987 ethephon significantly decreased total and nonprotein dry matter per grain for Argyle, but increased protein per grain, and consequently, GPC. In 1988, ethephon reduced nonprotein dry matter per grain in Cadette and Argyle. With Argyle, both total dry matter per grain and protein per grain were reduced so that GPC was not significantly affected. The results show that ethephon can influence GPC by altering the protein and nonprotein components of the grain.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon consistently reduced plant height of spring barley.
- Taxon
- Spring Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“Ethephon consistently reduced plant height, and reduced lodging when lodging occurred in control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon reduced lodging in spring barley when lodging occurred in control plots.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“Ethephon consistently reduced plant height, and reduced lodging when lodging occurred in control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1987, triadimefon applied without ethephon increased the yield of barley cultivar Cadette by 22%.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Cadettee0
- Treatment
- triadimefon applied in the absence of ethephone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Qualifier
- In 1987e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“In 1987 triadimefon applied in the absence of ethephon increased the yield of Cadette 22%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased the yield of barley cultivar Leger by 24%.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Legere0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“Ethephon increased yield of Leger 24%, and decreased yield of Argyle 19%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon decreased the yield of barley cultivar Argyle by 19%.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Argylee0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“Ethephon increased yield of Leger 24%, and decreased yield of Argyle 19%”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased spikelet sterility at the distal end of main stem spikes was responsible for the yield reductions in Argyle.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Argylee0
- Outcome
- yield reductionse0
- Qualifier
- Increased spikelet sterility at the distal end of main stem spikese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“Increased spikelet sterility at the distal end of main stem spikes was responsible for the yield reductions in Argyle”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon and triadimefon had no significant effect on barley yield in 1988.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Ethephon and triadimefone0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- in 1988e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“Ethephon and triadimefon had no significant effect on yield in 1988”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of ethephon and triadimefon on barley yield and grain protein concentration were inconsistent.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- yield and GPCe0
- Qualifier
- inconsistente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“Ethephon and triadimefon effects on yield and GPC were inconsistent”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1987 ethephon significantly decreased total and nonprotein dry matter per grain in Argyle.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Argylee0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- total and nonprotein dry matter per graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- In 1987e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“In 1987 ethephon significantly decreased total and nonprotein dry matter per grain for Argyle, but increased protein per grain, and consequently, GPC”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1987 ethephon increased protein per grain and consequently grain protein concentration in Argyle.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Argylee0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- protein per grain, and consequently, GPCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- In 1987e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“In 1987 ethephon significantly decreased total and nonprotein dry matter per grain for Argyle, but increased protein per grain, and consequently, GPC”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1988 ethephon reduced nonprotein dry matter per grain in Cadette.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Cadettee0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- nonprotein dry matter per graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- In 1988e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“In 1988, ethephon reduced nonprotein dry matter per grain in Cadette and Argyle”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1988 ethephon reduced nonprotein dry matter per grain in Argyle.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Argylee0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- nonprotein dry matter per graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- In 1988e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“In 1988, ethephon reduced nonprotein dry matter per grain in Cadette and Argyle”
Claim · model-written summary
In Argyle in 1988, both total dry matter per grain and protein per grain were reduced by ethephon.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Argylee0
- Treatment
- ethephone1
- Outcome
- total dry matter per grain and protein per graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- In 1988e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“With Argyle, both total dry matter per grain and protein per grain were reduced”
e1“In 1988, ethephon reduced nonprotein dry matter per grain”
Claim · model-written summary
In Argyle in 1988, grain protein concentration was not significantly affected by ethephon.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Argylee1
- Treatment
- ethephone2
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
- Qualifier
- In 1988e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“so that GPC was not significantly affected”
e1“With Argyle”
e2“In 1988, ethephon reduced nonprotein dry matter per grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that ethephon can influence grain protein concentration by altering the protein and nonprotein components of the grain.
- Taxon
- Spring BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- GPCe0
- Qualifier
- altering the protein and nonprotein components of the graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The results show that ethephon can influence GPC by altering the protein and nonprotein components of the grain”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: protein · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 6 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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See all 31 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →triadimefon · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.