Abstract
The phosphate solubilizing fungi Penicillium radicum, Penicillium bilaiae (strain RS7B-SD1), and an unidentified Penicillium sp. designated strain KC6-W2 were tested for their ability to increase the growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition of wheat, medic, and lentil in three soils of neutral to alkaline pH reaction. The strongest plant growth promoting (PGP) strain was Penicillium sp. KC6-W2, which stimulated significant increases in shoot growth and dry mass in seven of the nine experiments conducted. Levels of PGP by Penicillium sp. KC6-W2 ranged from 6.6% to 19% and were associated with increased uptake of P to the shoot. The PGP properties of Penicillium sp. KC6-W2 were evident on each of the three different plant species and soil types, a level of reliability not observed in other strains tested. Inoculation of seed with P. radicum increased lentil growth by 5.5% (P < 0.05) in soil from Tarlee but did not affect plant growth in the eight other experiments. Inoculation of plant seed with P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 resulted in significant PGP in two of the nine experiments conducted. However, when significant, stimulation of PGP by P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 was strong and resulted in increases in medic dry matter (19%) and lentil shoot dry matter (15%). A soil microcosm experiment investigated the effect of Penicillium fungi on cycling of soil P. Penicillium bilaiae RS7B-SD1 was the only fungus to significantly increase HCO3-extractable P (23% increase; P < 0.05). Production of phosphatase enzymes was not associated with increased HCO3-extractable P. Addition of carbon in the form of ryegrass seed significantly increased microbial respiration and movement of P to the microbial biomass (P < 0.05), but these parameters were irrespective of Penicillium treatment. This work has established the potential for use of Penicillium inoculants to increase plant growth on alkaline soils in Australia. The role of Penicillium fungi in plant P uptake and soil P cycling requires further exploration.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium sp. KC6-W2 significantly increased shoot growth and dry mass in seven of nine experiments.
- Taxon
- wheat, medic, and lentile2
- Treatment
- Penicillium sp. KC6-W2e1
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp. KC6-W2e1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot growth and dry masse1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Qualifier
- in seven of the nine experiments conductede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“tested for their ability to increase the growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition of wheat, medic, and lentil”
e1“The strongest plant growth promoting (PGP) strain was Penicillium sp. KC6-W2, which stimulated significant increases in shoot growth and dry mass in seven of the nine experiments conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium sp. KC6-W2 growth promotion of 6.6% to 19% was associated with increased P uptake to the shoot.
Verbatim
e2“tested for their ability to increase the growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition of wheat, medic, and lentil”
e3“Levels of PGP by Penicillium sp. KC6-W2 ranged from 6.6% to 19% and were associated with increased uptake of P to the shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of seed with P. radicum increased lentil growth by 5.5% in soil from Tarlee.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise4 - Treatment
- Inoculation of seed with P. radicume4
- Interactor
- P. radicumTalaromyces radicuse4symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 5.5%e4
- Setting
- soil from Tarleee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Inoculation of seed with P. radicum increased lentil growth by 5.5% (P < 0.05) in soil from Tarlee but did not affect plant growth in the eight other experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of seed with P. radicum did not affect plant growth in the other eight experiments.
- Taxon
- wheat, medic, and lentile2
- Treatment
- Inoculation of seed with P. radicume4
- Interactor
- P. radicumTalaromyces radicuse4symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“tested for their ability to increase the growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition of wheat, medic, and lentil”
e4“Inoculation of seed with P. radicum increased lentil growth by 5.5% (P < 0.05) in soil from Tarlee but did not affect plant growth in the eight other experiments”
e5“but did not affect plant growth in the eight other experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of plant seed with P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 gave significant plant growth promotion in two of nine experiments.
- Taxon
- wheat, medic, and lentile2
- Treatment
- Inoculation of plant seed with P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1e6
- Interactor
- P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1Penicillium bilaiaee6symbiont
- Outcome
- PGPe6
- Direction
- resulted in significante6
- Qualifier
- two of the nine experiments conductede6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“tested for their ability to increase the growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition of wheat, medic, and lentil”
e6“Inoculation of plant seed with P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 resulted in significant PGP in two of the nine experiments conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 increased medic dry matter by 19%.
- Taxon
- medice7
- Treatment
- P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1e7
- Interactor
- P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1Penicillium bilaiaee7symbiont
- Outcome
- medic dry mattere7
- Direction
- increasese7
- Value
- 19%e7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e7“stimulation of PGP by P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 was strong and resulted in increases in medic dry matter (19%) and lentil shoot dry matter (15%)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 increased lentil shoot dry matter by 15%.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise7
- Treatment
- P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1e7
- Interactor
- P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1Penicillium bilaiaee7symbiont
- Outcome
- lentil shoot dry mattere7
- Direction
- increasese7
- Value
- 15%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“stimulation of PGP by P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 was strong and resulted in increases in medic dry matter (19%) and lentil shoot dry matter (15%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In a soil microcosm, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1 was the only fungus to significantly increase HCO3-extractable P (23%).
- Taxon
- wheat, medic, and lentile2
- Treatment
- Penicillium bilaiae RS7B-SD1e0
- Interactor
- Penicillium bilaiae RS7B-SD1Penicillium bilaiaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- HCO3-extractable Pe0
- Direction
- significantly increasee0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Setting
- soil microcosm experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“tested for their ability to increase the growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition of wheat, medic, and lentil”
e0“Penicillium bilaiae RS7B-SD1 was the only fungus to significantly increase HCO3-extractable P (23% increase; P < 0.05)”
e1“A soil microcosm experiment investigated the effect of Penicillium fungi on cycling of soil P”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphatase enzyme production was not associated with increased HCO3-extractable P.
Verbatim
e2“tested for their ability to increase the growth and phosphorus (P) nutrition of wheat, medic, and lentil”
e3“Production of phosphatase enzymes was not associated with increased HCO3-extractable P”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ryegrass seed as carbon significantly increased microbial respiration, irrespective of Penicillium treatment.
- Treatment
- Addition of carbon in the form of ryegrass seede0
- Outcome
- microbial respiratione0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
- Qualifier
- irrespective of Penicillium treatmente1
LoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of carbon in the form of ryegrass seed significantly increased microbial respiration and movement of P to the microbial biomass (P < 0.05)”
e1“but these parameters were irrespective of Penicillium treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding ryegrass seed as carbon significantly increased movement of P to the microbial biomass.
- Treatment
- Addition of carbon in the form of ryegrass seede0
- Outcome
- movement of P to the microbial biomasse0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of carbon in the form of ryegrass seed significantly increased microbial respiration and movement of P to the microbial biomass (P < 0.05)”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.