Abstract
Abstract Intensive land use may affect soil properties ( e.g., decreased soil organic matter [SOM] content) and, consequently, reduce crop yields considerably. One way of counteracting the loss of SOM and stimulating plant productivity could be the use of organic residues from agro‐industrial processes as bioactive products. The present study was focused on the possible effects of phenol‐containing organic substances derived from agro‐industrial by‐products on maize ( Zea mays L.) metabolism in a pot experiment. Plants were grown for 12 d in a nutrient solution in the absence (control) or in the presence of either a cellulosolitic dry apple hydrolyzate (AP) or a dry blueberry cool extract (BB) applied at two rates (0.1 and 1 mL L –1 ). Both products increased root and leaf biomass and led to higher concentrations of macronutrients in the plant tissue. AP and BB also had a positive impact on nitrogen (N) metabolism stimulating the activity and gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Furthermore, both products increased leaf concentrations of phenols (+ 28% and 49% for AP and BB, respectively) and flavonoids (+ 22% and 25% for AP and BB, respectively). From our results it can be assumed that residues from agro‐industry may be successfully used as bioactive products in agriculture to increase plant yield and resistance to stress conditions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Apple hydrolyzate and blueberry extract increased maize root and leaf biomass relative to control.
- Treatment
- a cellulosolitic dry apple hydrolyzate (AP) or a dry blueberry cool extract (BB)e2
- Outcome
- root and leaf biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle3
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Both products increased root and leaf biomass and led to higher concentrations of macronutrients in the plant tissue”
e2“a cellulosolitic dry apple hydrolyzate (AP) or a dry blueberry cool extract (BB) applied at two rates (0.1 and 1 mL L –1 )”
e3“in the absence (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple hydrolyzate and blueberry extract led to higher macronutrient concentrations in maize tissue relative to control.
- Treatment
- a cellulosolitic dry apple hydrolyzate (AP) or a dry blueberry cool extract (BB)e2
- Outcome
- concentrations of macronutrients in the plant tissuee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e1“Both products increased root and leaf biomass and led to higher concentrations of macronutrients in the plant tissue”
e2“a cellulosolitic dry apple hydrolyzate (AP) or a dry blueberry cool extract (BB) applied at two rates (0.1 and 1 mL L –1 )”
e3“in the absence (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple hydrolyzate and blueberry extract stimulated the activity and gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in maize.
- Treatment
- AP and BBe4
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia‐lyasee4
- Outcome
- activity and gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyasee4
- Direction
- stimulatinge4
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e3“in the absence (control)”
e4“AP and BB also had a positive impact on nitrogen (N) metabolism stimulating the activity and gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple hydrolyzate increased leaf phenol concentration by 28 per cent relative to control.
- Treatment
- APe5
- Outcome
- leaf concentrations of phenolse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- + 28%e5
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e3“in the absence (control)”
e5“Furthermore, both products increased leaf concentrations of phenols (+ 28% and 49% for AP and BB, respectively) and flavonoids (+ 22% and 25% for AP and BB, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blueberry extract increased leaf phenol concentration by 49 per cent relative to control.
- Treatment
- BBe5
- Outcome
- leaf concentrations of phenolse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 49%e5
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e3“in the absence (control)”
e5“Furthermore, both products increased leaf concentrations of phenols (+ 28% and 49% for AP and BB, respectively) and flavonoids (+ 22% and 25% for AP and BB, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple hydrolyzate increased leaf flavonoid concentration by 22 per cent relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e3“in the absence (control)”
e5“Furthermore, both products increased leaf concentrations of phenols (+ 28% and 49% for AP and BB, respectively) and flavonoids (+ 22% and 25% for AP and BB, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blueberry extract increased leaf flavonoid concentration by 25 per cent relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e3“in the absence (control)”
e5“Furthermore, both products increased leaf concentrations of phenols (+ 28% and 49% for AP and BB, respectively) and flavonoids (+ 22% and 25% for AP and BB, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Agro-industrial residues may be used as bioactive products in agriculture to increase plant yield and stress resistance.
- Outcome
- used as bioactive products in agriculturee6
- Qualifier
- to increase plant yield and resistance to stress conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize ( Zea mays L.)”
e6“From our results it can be assumed that residues from agro‐industry may be successfully used as bioactive products in agriculture to increase plant yield and resistance to stress conditions”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.