Abstract
) inhibits seed germination and weed growth; however, the physiological mechanisms underlying the effect of crofton weed extract on the modulation of seedling growth and root system development remain largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed (LECW) on primary root (PR) growth in maize seedlings. Treatment with LECW markedly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner. Physiological analysis indicated that the LECW induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in root tips, thereby leading to cell swelling and deformation both in the root cap and elongation zone of root tips, finally leading to cell death in root border cells (RBCs) and PR growth inhibition. The LECW also inhibited pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity, thereby decreasing the RBC number. Taken together, our results indicated that the LECW inhibited PR growth by inducing ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death in RBCs. The present study provides a better understanding of how the LECW modifies root system development and provides insight for evaluating the toxicity of crofton weed extracts in plants.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Crofton weed leaf extract inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of maize in a dose-dependent manner.
- Treatment
- LECWe1
- Interactor
- crofton weede1weed
- Outcome
- seed germination and seedling growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- in a dose-dependent mannere2
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed (LECW) on primary root (PR) growth in maize seedlings”
e2“Treatment with LECW markedly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in a dose-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Crofton weed leaf extract induced reactive oxygen species accumulation in maize root tips.
- Treatment
- LECWe1
- Interactor
- crofton weede1weed
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in root tipse2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed (LECW) on primary root (PR) growth in maize seedlings”
e2“the LECW induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in root tips”
Claim · model-written summary
Crofton weed leaf extract led to cell death in maize root border cells and inhibited primary root growth.
- Treatment
- LECWe1
- Interactor
- crofton weede1weed
- Outcome
- cell death in root border cells (RBCs) and PR growth inhibitione2
- Direction
- leading toe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed (LECW) on primary root (PR) growth in maize seedlings”
e2“finally leading to cell death in root border cells (RBCs) and PR growth inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Crofton weed leaf extract led to cell swelling and deformation in the root cap and elongation zone of maize root tips.
- Organ / stage
- root cap and elongation zone of root tipse2
- Treatment
- LECWe1
- Interactor
- crofton weede1weed
- Outcome
- cell swelling and deformatione2
- Direction
- leading toe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed (LECW) on primary root (PR) growth in maize seedlings”
e2“thereby leading to cell swelling and deformation both in the root cap and elongation zone of root tips”
Claim · model-written summary
Crofton weed leaf extract inhibited pectin methyl esterase activity in maize.
- Treatment
- LECWe1
- Interactor
- crofton weede1weed
- Gene
- pectin methyl esterase (PME)e2
- Outcome
- pectin methyl esterase (PME) activitye2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed (LECW) on primary root (PR) growth in maize seedlings”
e2“The LECW also inhibited pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity, thereby decreasing the RBC number”
Claim · model-written summary
Crofton weed leaf extract decreased the number of root border cells in maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed (LECW) on primary root (PR) growth in maize seedlings”
e2“The LECW also inhibited pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity, thereby decreasing the RBC number”
Claim · model-written summary
Crofton weed leaf extract inhibited maize primary root growth by inducing ROS accumulation and cell death in root border cells.
- Treatment
- LECWe1
- Outcome
- PR growthe2
- Qualifier
- by inducing ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death in RBCse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“effects of the leaf extract of crofton weed (LECW) on primary root (PR) growth in maize seedlings”
e2“Taken together, our results indicated that the LECW inhibited PR growth by inducing ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death in RBCs”
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