Abstract
Phosphorous is one of the major limiting factors determining plant growth. Current agricultural practices mainly rely on the use of chemical fertilizers posing threat to the ecosystem. In this study, the application of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) in phosphorous (P)-limited conditions improved the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of Zea mays . ANE-treated Z. mays grown under P-limited conditions showed a higher P content than the control. ANE activated simultaneous responses, at multiple levels, in Z. mays grown under P-limited conditions as seen from the regulation of gene expression at the whole-plant level to specific biochemical responses on a subcellular level. ANE-supplemented Z. mays grown under P-limited conditions also showed reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation by an improved membrane stability. ANE treatment reduced P-limitation-induced oxidative damage in Z. mays by reducing H 2 O 2 and O2- accumulation. Furthermore, ANE also induced the accumulation of the total contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Gene expression analysis suggested that ANE differentially modulated the expression of P-starvation responsive genes involved in metabolic, signal transduction, and developmental pathways in Z. mays . ANE also modulated the expression of genes involved in sugar, lipid, and secondary metabolism. Thus, this study illustrated the role of ANE in improving the productivity of Z. mays , an important crop, in P-limited conditions. Furthermore, it sets the framework to increase agricultural productivity in nutrient deficient soils using a sustainable, eco-friendly strategy.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Ascophyllum nodosum extract under phosphorus-limited conditions improved fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of Zea mays.
- Treatment
- an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE)e1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weight of shoots and rootse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- phosphorous (P)-limited conditionse1
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) in phosphorous (P)-limited conditions improved the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
ANE-treated maize under P limitation had a higher P content than the control.
- Treatment
- ANE-treatede2
- Outcome
- P contente2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- the controle2
- Setting
- P-limited conditionse2
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“ANE-treated Z. mays grown under P-limited conditions showed a higher P content than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
ANE under P limitation reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, reflecting improved membrane stability.
- Treatment
- ANE-supplementede3
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidatione3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- improved membrane stabilitye3
- Setting
- P-limited conditionse3
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“ANE-supplemented Z. mays grown under P-limited conditions also showed reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation by an improved membrane stability”
Claim · model-written summary
ANE reduced P-limitation-induced oxidative damage in Z. mays by reducing H2O2 and O2- accumulation.
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“ANE treatment reduced P-limitation-induced oxidative damage in Z. mays by reducing H 2 O 2 and O2- accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
ANE induced the accumulation of total soluble sugars and amino acids in Z. mays.
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) in phosphorous (P)-limited conditions improved the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of Zea mays”
e5“ANE also induced the accumulation of the total contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, phenolics, and flavonoids”
Claim · model-written summary
ANE induced the accumulation of total phenolics and flavonoids in Z. mays.
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of an Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) in phosphorous (P)-limited conditions improved the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of Zea mays”
e5“ANE also induced the accumulation of the total contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, phenolics, and flavonoids”
Claim · model-written summary
ANE differentially modulated the expression of P-starvation responsive genes in Z. mays.
- Treatment
- ANEe6
- Gene
- P-starvation responsive genese6
- Outcome
- expression of P-starvation responsive genese6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Gene expression analysis suggested that ANE differentially modulated the expression of P-starvation responsive genes involved in metabolic, signal transduction, and developmental pathways in Z. mays”
Claim · model-written summary
ANE modulated the expression of genes involved in sugar, lipid, and secondary metabolism in Z. mays.
- Treatment
- ANEe7
- Gene
- genes involved in sugar, lipid, and secondary metabolisme7
- Outcome
- expression of genese7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“ANE also modulated the expression of genes involved in sugar, lipid, and secondary metabolism”
e6“Gene expression analysis suggested that ANE differentially modulated the expression of P-starvation responsive genes involved in metabolic, signal transduction, and developmental pathways in Z. mays”
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