Abstract
Leaves deep in canopies can suddenly be exposed to increased irradiances following e.g. gap formation in forests or pruning in crops. Studies on the acclimation of photosynthesis to increased irradiance have mainly focused on the changes in photosynthetic capacity (A(max)), although actual irradiance often remains below saturating level. We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus. Leaves that fully developed under low (50 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) or moderate (200 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) irradiance were subsequently exposed to, respectively, moderate (LM-leaves) or low (ML-leaves) irradiance or kept at constant irradiance level (LL- and MM-leaves). Acclimation of photosynthesis occurred within 7 days with final A(max) highest in MM-leaves, lowest in LL-leaves and intermediate in ML- and LM-leaves, whereas full acclimation of thylakoid processes underlying photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and non-photochemical quenching occurred in ML- and LM-leaves. Dark respiration correlated with irradiance level, but not with A(max). Light-limited quantum efficiency was similar in all leaves. The increase in photosynthesis at moderate irradiance in LM-leaves was primarily driven by nitrogen import, and nitrogen remained allocated in a similar ratio to Rubisco and bioenergetics, while allocation to light harvesting relatively decreased. A contrary response of nitrogen was associated with the decrease in photosynthesis in ML-leaves. Net assimilation of LM-leaves under moderate irradiance remained lower than in MM-leaves, revealing the importance of photosynthetic acclimation during the leaf developmental phase for crop productivity in scenarios with realistic, moderate fluctuations in irradiance that leaves can be exposed to.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Final Amax of cucumber leaves was highest in MM-leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativuse0 - Material
- MM-leavese1
- Outcome
- final A(max)e1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e1“Acclimation of photosynthesis occurred within 7 days with final A(max) highest in MM-leaves, lowest in LL-leaves and intermediate in ML- and LM-leaves, whereas full acclimation of thylakoid processes underlying photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and non-photochemical quenching occurred in ML- and LM-leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Final Amax of cucumber leaves was lowest in LL-leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Material
- LL-leavese1
- Outcome
- final A(max)e1
- Direction
- loweste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e1“Acclimation of photosynthesis occurred within 7 days with final A(max) highest in MM-leaves, lowest in LL-leaves and intermediate in ML- and LM-leaves, whereas full acclimation of thylakoid processes underlying photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and non-photochemical quenching occurred in ML- and LM-leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Final Amax of cucumber leaves was intermediate in ML- and LM-leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Material
- ML- and LM-leavese1
- Outcome
- final A(max)e1
- Direction
- intermediatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e1“Acclimation of photosynthesis occurred within 7 days with final A(max) highest in MM-leaves, lowest in LL-leaves and intermediate in ML- and LM-leaves, whereas full acclimation of thylakoid processes underlying photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and non-photochemical quenching occurred in ML- and LM-leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Acclimation of photosynthesis in cucumber leaves occurred within 7 days.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- Acclimation of photosynthesise1
- Qualifier
- within 7 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e1“Acclimation of photosynthesis occurred within 7 days with final A(max) highest in MM-leaves, lowest in LL-leaves and intermediate in ML- and LM-leaves, whereas full acclimation of thylakoid processes underlying photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and non-photochemical quenching occurred in ML- and LM-leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Full acclimation of thylakoid processes underlying PSII efficiency and non-photochemical quenching occurred in ML- and LM-leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Material
- ML- and LM-leavese1
- Outcome
- thylakoid processes underlying photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and non-photochemical quenchinge1
- Qualifier
- full acclimatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e1“Acclimation of photosynthesis occurred within 7 days with final A(max) highest in MM-leaves, lowest in LL-leaves and intermediate in ML- and LM-leaves, whereas full acclimation of thylakoid processes underlying photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and non-photochemical quenching occurred in ML- and LM-leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark respiration of cucumber leaves correlated with irradiance level.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- irradiance levele2
- Outcome
- Dark respiratione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e2“Dark respiration correlated with irradiance level, but not with A(max).”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark respiration of cucumber leaves was not correlated with Amax.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- Dark respiratione2
- Comparator
- A(max)e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e2“Dark respiration correlated with irradiance level, but not with A(max).”
Claim · model-written summary
Light-limited quantum efficiency was similar in all cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- Light-limited quantum efficiencye3
- Direction
- similare3
- Qualifier
- in all leavese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e3“Light-limited quantum efficiency was similar in all leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in photosynthesis at moderate irradiance in LM-leaves was primarily driven by nitrogen import.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Material
- LM-leavese4
- Outcome
- increase in photosynthesis at moderate irradiance in LM-leavese4
- Qualifier
- primarily driven by nitrogen importe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e4“The increase in photosynthesis at moderate irradiance in LM-leaves was primarily driven by nitrogen import”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen remained allocated in a similar ratio to Rubisco and bioenergetics in LM-leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Material
- LM-leavese4
- Outcome
- Rubisco and bioenergeticse5
- Direction
- similar ratioe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e4“The increase in photosynthesis at moderate irradiance in LM-leaves was primarily driven by nitrogen import”
e5“nitrogen remained allocated in a similar ratio to Rubisco and bioenergetics”
Claim · model-written summary
Allocation of nitrogen to light harvesting relatively decreased in LM-leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- allocation to light harvestinge6
- Direction
- relatively decreasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e6“while allocation to light harvesting relatively decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
A contrary nitrogen response was associated with a decrease in photosynthesis in ML-leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Material
- ML-leavese7
- Outcome
- photosynthesise7
- Direction
- decreasee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e7“A contrary response of nitrogen was associated with the decrease in photosynthesis in ML-leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Net assimilation of LM-leaves under moderate irradiance remained lower than that of MM-leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Material
- LM-leavese1
- Treatment
- moderate irradiancee1
- Outcome
- Net assimilatione1
- Direction
- remained lowere1
- Comparator
- MM-leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e1“Net assimilation of LM-leaves under moderate irradiance remained lower than in MM-leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic acclimation during the leaf developmental phase is important for crop productivity under realistic moderate irradiance fluctuations.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic acclimation during the leaf developmental phasee1
- Qualifier
- crop productivitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effect of changes in irradiance on the photosynthesis irradiance response and on nitrogen allocation in fully grown leaves of Cucumis sativus”
e1“revealing the importance of photosynthetic acclimation during the leaf developmental phase for crop productivity”