Abstract
Abstract Ethephon [(2‐chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] has recently been introduced in North America as a regulator to control lodging in cereals. A 3‐yr study (1983‐1985) was conducted to determine how widely grown spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars in the North Central United States responded to ethephon. Nine randomized complete‐block, split‐plot experiments with wheat, and seven with barley, were conducted at the Crookston (soil classification, Aeric Calciaquoll), Morris (Aeric Calciaquoll), St. Paul (Typic Hapludoll), and Waseca (Aquic Hapludoll) Experiment Stations in Minnesota. Ethephon was applied at a rate of 0.42 kg a.i. ha −1 in all years as well as 0.28 kg a.i. ha −1 in 1985. When lodging occurred, ethephon treatment at either rate lessened its severity. Ethephon shortened crop height, more so when applied at the higher rate. Effects of ethephon on grain yields varied from significant reductions (average 13% for wheat, 9% for barley) to significant increases (average 12% for wheat, 13% for barley). Increases were most common when control plots lodged, although higher yields in response to reduced lodging were not obligatory. When lodging did not occur, ethephon treatment tended to result in reduced yields. Among barley cultivars, ‘Robust’ was most likely to exhibit reduced yields. Genotypic variability for ethephon sensitivity among wheat cultivars was less evident. In most experiments, ethephon treatment lowered kernel numbers per spike or mass per kernel. We conclude that ethephon use is most reasonable when the production practices followed, or environmental conditions, assure the likelihood of significant lodging. Further research investigating cereal responses to lower ethephon rates, as well as interactions between ethephon and plant stress, is needed.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
When lodging occurred, ethephon at either rate lessened its severity in wheat and barley.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat and Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- ethephon treatment at either ratee0
- Outcome
- its severitye0
- Direction
- lessenede0
- Qualifier
- When lodging occurrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat and Barley”
e0“When lodging occurred, ethephon treatment at either rate lessened its severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon shortened crop height, more so at the higher rate.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- crop heighte0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Qualifier
- more so when applied at the higher ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat and Barley”
e0“Ethephon shortened crop height, more so when applied at the higher rate”
Claim · model-written summary
In some experiments ethephon significantly reduced wheat grain yield by 13% on average.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- averagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of ethephon on grain yields varied from significant reductions (average 13% for wheat, 9% for barley) to significant increases (average 12% for wheat, 13% for barley)”
Claim · model-written summary
In some experiments ethephon significantly reduced barley grain yield by 9% on average.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 9%e0
- Qualifier
- averagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of ethephon on grain yields varied from significant reductions (average 13% for wheat, 9% for barley) to significant increases (average 12% for wheat, 13% for barley)”
Claim · model-written summary
In other experiments ethephon significantly increased wheat grain yield by 12% on average.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- averagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of ethephon on grain yields varied from significant reductions (average 13% for wheat, 9% for barley) to significant increases (average 12% for wheat, 13% for barley)”
Claim · model-written summary
In other experiments ethephon significantly increased barley grain yield by 13% on average.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Qualifier
- averagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effects of ethephon on grain yields varied from significant reductions (average 13% for wheat, 9% for barley) to significant increases (average 12% for wheat, 13% for barley)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield increases from ethephon were most common when control plots lodged.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Increasese0
- Direction
- most commone0
- Qualifier
- when control plots lodgede0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat and Barley”
e0“Increases were most common when control plots lodged”
Claim · model-written summary
When lodging did not occur, ethephon treatment tended to result in reduced yields.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ethephon treatmente0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- When lodging did not occure0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat and Barley”
e0“When lodging did not occur, ethephon treatment tended to result in reduced yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Among barley cultivars, Robust was most likely to show reduced yields with ethephon.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Robuste0
- Outcome
- reduced yieldse0
- Direction
- most likelye0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among barley cultivars, ‘Robust’ was most likely to exhibit reduced yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypic variability for ethephon sensitivity among wheat cultivars was less evident than in barley.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Genotypic variability for ethephon sensitivitye0
- Qualifier
- less evidente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypic variability for ethephon sensitivity among wheat cultivars was less evident”
Claim · model-written summary
In most experiments ethephon lowered kernel numbers per spike or mass per kernel.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ethephon treatmente0
- Outcome
- kernel numbers per spike or mass per kernele0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat and Barley”
e0“In most experiments, ethephon treatment lowered kernel numbers per spike or mass per kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend ethephon use mainly when production practices or environmental conditions make significant lodging likely.
- Taxon
- Spring Wheat and BarleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- ethephon use is most reasonable when the production practices followed, or environmental conditions, assure the likelihood of significant lodginge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Wheat and Barley”
e0“ethephon use is most reasonable when the production practices followed, or environmental conditions, assure the likelihood of significant lodging”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.