Abstract
South African production areas receive insufficient winter chilling for apple production, necessitating the use of artificial means to break dormancy. Hydrogen cyanamide (HC) alone or in combination with mineral oil (oil) is used as a rest-breaking agent in many deciduous species. The effect of different concentrations of HC and oil on budburst, yield, fruit quality and vegetative growth of mature ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees were evaluated; the objective was to determine the presence of interaction between the rest-breaking effect of HC and oil when combined at varied concentrations, and to determine appropriate concentrations of HC and oil, to enhance bud- burst, yield and fruit quality. Three trials were conducted in the Elgin valley (34 °S, 300 m) of the Western Cape, South Africa, in 1999 and 2000. The first trial evaluated four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) of Dormex® (hydrogen cyanamide 520 g-L−1) in combination with four concentrations of mineral oil (0, 1, 2, and 4%). The second trial used three concentrations (1, 2 and 4%) of Dormex® in combination with three concentrations of mineral oil (1, 2, 4%), plus an unsprayed control, and a treatment of 6% of DNOC Winter Oil®. The third trial included five treatments: 0.5% Dormex® + 3% oil, 1 % Dormex® + 4% oil, 6% DNOC Winter Oil®, 6% oil and a non-sprayed control. All of the treatments were applied at the first visible signs of budburst. No synergistic effect was observed between oil and HC. Mineral oil at 4% plus 1 to 2% Dormex® were sufficient to break dormancy. Dormex® at 4% (2.08% HC) reduced fruit set and yield.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral oil and hydrogen cyanamide showed no synergistic effect.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- oil and HCe0
- Outcome
- synergistic effecte0
- Direction
- Noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No synergistic effect was observed between oil and HC”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Four percent mineral oil with 1–2% Dormex was sufficient to break dormancy.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Mineral oil at 4% plus 1 to 2% Dormex®e0
- Outcome
- break dormancye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral oil at 4% plus 1 to 2% Dormex® were sufficient to break dormancy”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Four percent Dormex reduced fruit set.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Dormex® at 4% (2.08% HC)e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dormex® at 4% (2.08% HC) reduced fruit set and yield”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Four percent Dormex reduced yield.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Dormex® at 4% (2.08% HC)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dormex® at 4% (2.08% HC) reduced fruit set and yield”
t0“‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees”
The same questions in other papers
cyanamide · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.