Abstract
Glyphosate [ N ‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine] inhibits 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase, EC 2.5.1.19 (EPSPS), thereby blocking aromatic amino acid synthesis. While glyphosate‐tolerant (GT) soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] contains resistant EPSPS, the N 2 ‐fixing symbiont in soybean root nodules, Bradyrhizobium japonicum , does not contain a resistant enzyme, and glyphosate spray to GT soybean may interfere with the symbiotic relationship. Glyphosate‐tolerant soybean was treated with glyphosate at several different stages of development to evaluate N 2 fixation, growth, and yield in a series of greenhouse, growth chamber, and field experiments. Early applications of glyphosate generally delayed N 2 fixation and decreased biomass and N accumulation in the cultivar Terral TV5866RR (TV5866RR) harvested at 19 d after emergence (DAE), but plants had recovered by 40 DAE. The biomass and N content of GT soybean were also decreased by glyphosate in plants that were grown with available soil N. There were differences in sensitivity to glyphosate among GT cultivars, with biomass decreases in response to glyphosate ranging from 0 to 30% at 40 DAE for the most tolerant and sensitive cultivars that were evaluated. In growth chamber studies, N 2 fixation was more sensitive to water deficits in glyphosate‐treated plants. In field studies, there was no measured effect of glyphosate on GT soybean at Fayetteville, AR where there was adequate soil water throughout the growing season. However, glyphosate tended to decrease biomass and seed yields under conditions of limited soil water at Keiser, AR.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Early glyphosate applications delayed N2 fixation in glyphosate-tolerant soybean.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Early applications of glyphosatee1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicume2symbiont - Outcome
- N 2 fixatione1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“Early applications of glyphosate generally delayed N 2 fixation and decreased biomass and N accumulation in the cultivar Terral TV5866RR (TV5866RR) harvested at 19 d after emergence (DAE), but plants had recovered by 40 DAE”
e2“Bradyrhizobium japonicum , does not contain a resistant enzyme”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glyphosate applications decreased biomass and N accumulation at 19 DAE in cultivar TV5866RR.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Terral TV5866RRe1
- Treatment
- Early applications of glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- biomass and N accumulatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- harvested at 19 d after emergencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“Early applications of glyphosate generally delayed N 2 fixation and decreased biomass and N accumulation in the cultivar Terral TV5866RR (TV5866RR) harvested at 19 d after emergence (DAE), but plants had recovered by 40 DAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants had recovered from early glyphosate effects by 40 DAE.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Early applications of glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- plantse1
- Direction
- recoverede1
- Qualifier
- by 40 DAEe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“Early applications of glyphosate generally delayed N 2 fixation and decreased biomass and N accumulation in the cultivar Terral TV5866RR (TV5866RR) harvested at 19 d after emergence (DAE), but plants had recovered by 40 DAE”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass decreases from glyphosate ranged from 0 to 30% at 40 DAE across GT cultivars, differing in sensitivity.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Material
- GT cultivarse3
- Treatment
- glyphosatee3
- Outcome
- biomasse3
- Direction
- decreasese3
- Value
- 0 to 30%e3
- Qualifier
- at 40 DAEe3
- Comparator
- the most tolerante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e3“There were differences in sensitivity to glyphosate among GT cultivars, with biomass decreases in response to glyphosate ranging from 0 to 30% at 40 DAE for the most tolerant and sensitive cultivars that were evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
In growth chamber studies, N2 fixation was more sensitive to water deficits in glyphosate-treated plants.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee4
- Outcome
- N 2 fixatione4
- Direction
- more sensitivee4
- Qualifier
- water deficitse4
- Setting
- growth chamber studiese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e4“In growth chamber studies, N 2 fixation was more sensitive to water deficits in glyphosate‐treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate had no measured effect on GT soybean at Fayetteville, AR with adequate soil water.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- glyphosatee5
- Outcome
- measured effecte5
- Direction
- no measured effecte5
- Qualifier
- adequate soil water throughout the growing seasone5
- Setting
- Fayetteville, ARe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In field studies, there was no measured effect of glyphosate on GT soybean at Fayetteville, AR where there was adequate soil water throughout the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate tended to decrease biomass and seed yields under limited soil water at Keiser, AR.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee6
- Outcome
- biomass and seed yieldse6
- Direction
- tended to decreasee6
- Qualifier
- under conditions of limited soil watere6
- Setting
- Keiser, ARe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e6“However, glyphosate tended to decrease biomass and seed yields under conditions of limited soil water at Keiser, AR”
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- positive
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.