Abstract
Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung The response of upland rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Kinandang Patong and UPLRi‐7, and the C 4 weeds Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., and Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton to low light intensity of 150, 250, and 400 μmol m −2 s‐1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at different development stages was studied in a combined growth chamber and glasshouse experiment. The weed species had higher net CO 2 exchange rates (CER) than rice at all light intensities and growth phases. The response of CER to light intensity was greatest at the early vegetative stage and became less pronounced at later stages in all species. Low light intensity reduced CER and growth rates at an early vegetative phase, particularly in rice, while Rottboellia maintained the highest CER. Differences in low‐light‐induced growth reduction between the species became less marked with plant age. Although prolonged exposure to low light intensity increased CER for all species, it was least for Eleusine , indicating acclimation of the photosynthetic system. All three weed species had a lower leaf conductance, low transpiration rate, and higher water use efficiency than rice. Both rice and weeds recovered from low‐light treatment, particularly if the latter was imposed early. Continuous exposure to 150 (μmol m −2 s −1 PAR strongly inhibited growth of Eleusine and Echinochloa , had an intermediate effect on rice, and affected Rottboellia least. It is concluded that Rottboellia has superior growth and assimilation compared to rice under both low and high intensity light, whereas Echinochloa and, to an even greater extent, Eleusine , are more susceptible to shading. Possible physiological causes of these differences are discussed. Réponse physiologique du riz et des adventices à une faible intensité lumineuse à différents stades de croissance La réponse du riz hautes terres ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Kinandang Patong et UPLRi‐7, et des adventices C 4 ( Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Elsine indica (L.) Gaertn, et Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton, a de faibles intensité lumineuses de radiation photo‐synthétiquement active (PAR) de 150, 250 et 400 (μmol m −2 s −1 à différents stades de croissance a étéétudié dans une expérimentation combinée en chambre climatique et en serre. Les espéces adventices avaient des taux nets d'échange en CO 2 (CER) plus élevés que le riz a toutes les intensités lumineuses et phases de croissance. La réponse du CER à 1'intensité lumineuse était la plus élevée aux stades végé‐tatifs précoces et devenait moins é1evée aux stades plus tardifs pour toutes les espéces. La faible intensité lumineuse a réduit le CER et les taux de croissance à un stade végétatif précoce, particuliérement chez le riz, tandis que Rottboellia maintenait le CER élevé. Les diffe'rences dans la réduction de croissance induite par faible lumiére entre les espéces devenaient moins marquées avec 1'âge des plantes. Bien qu'une exposition à une faible intensité lumineuse ait augmenté le CER pour toutes les espèces, cela était moindre pour Eleusine , démontrant une acclimatation du systéme photosynthétique. Les 3 espèces d'adventices avaient une conductance foliaire plus faible, un taux de transpiration plus faible et une efficacité de l'utilisation d'eau plus élevé que le riz. Le riz et les adventices se remettaient du traitement de faible lumière surtout s'il était imposé tôt. Une exposition continue à 150 μmol m −2 s −1 a fortement inhibé la croissance d' Eleusine et d' Echinochloa , a moyennement affecté le riz de façon et de moinde façon, le Rottboeillia . II est conclu que Rottboellia a une croissance et une assimilation supérieures au riz à la fois sous faible et sous forte in tensité lumineuse, tandis qu' Echinochloa et même encore plus Eleusine sont plus sensibles à l'ombrage. Les causes physiologiques possibles de ces différences sont discutées. Die physiologische Reaktion von Reis und Unkräutem in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien auf geringe Lichtintensität Die Reaktion von Bergreissorten ( Oryza sativa L. ‘Kinandang Patong’ und ‘UPLRi‐7’) und der C 4 ‐Unkräuter Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. und Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton in verscbiedenen Entwicklungsstadien auf geringe Lichtintensität von 150, 250 und 400 μmol m −2 s −1 wurde in Pflanzenwuchskammer‐ und Gewächshausversuchen untersucht. Die Unkrautarten hatten bei alien Lichtintensitäten und in alien Entwicklungsstadien höhere Netto‐CO 2 ‐Austauschraten (CER) als der Reis. Die CER‐Reaktion auf die Lichtintensität war in den frühen Entwicklungsstadien am größten und danach bei allen Arten immer weniger deutlich. Niedrige Lichtintensität verringerte die CER und die Wachstumsraten in frühen Entwicklungsphasen, besonders bei Reis, während Rottboellia die höchste CER beibehielt. Unterschiede in der durch geringes Licht hervorgerufenen Wachstumsreduktion unter den Arten wurden mit zunehmendem Alter weniger deutlich. Obwohl durch eine längere Exposition bei geringer Lichtintensität die CER bei alien Arten zunahm, war dies bei Eleusine am geringsten, worin sich die Akklimation des Photosynthesesystems zeigte. Alle 3 Unkrautarten hatten ein geringeres Blattleitungsvermögen, geringere Transpirationsraten und eine höhere Assimilationsleistung als Reis. Sowohl Reis als auch die Unkräuter erholten sich von der Dunkellichtzeit, besonders wenn sie ihm früh ausgesetzt worden waren. Ständige Exposition auf eine Lichtintensität von 150 μmo m −2 s −1 unterdrückte das Wachstum von Eleusine und Echinochloa erheblich, den Reis weniger und Rottboellia am wenigsten. Daraus wurde geschlossen, daß Rottboellia sowohl bei niedriger als auch hoher Lichtintensität im Vergleich zum Reis über stärkeren Wucbs und bessere Assimilation verfügt, während Echinochloa und, mehr noch, Eleusine gegen Beschattung empfindlicher sind. Die möglichen physiologischen Gründe für diese Unterschiede wurden diskutiert.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The weed species had higher net CO2 exchange rates than rice across light intensities and phases.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- net CO 2 exchange ratese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed species had higher net CO 2 exchange rates (CER) than rice at all light intensities and growth phases.”
Claim · model-written summary
The CER response to light was strongest early and weakened at later stages in all species.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early vegetative stagee0
- Outcome
- response of CER to light intensitye0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of CER to light intensity was greatest at the early vegetative stage and became less pronounced at later stages in all species.”
t0“rice and weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Low light reduced CER and growth rates early, especially in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- early vegetative phasee0
- Treatment
- Low light intensitye0
- Outcome
- CER and growth ratese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low light intensity reduced CER and growth rates at an early vegetative phase, particularly in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Rottboellia maintained the highest CER under early low light.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Rottboellia
Rottboelliae0weed - Outcome
- Rottboellia maintained the highest CERe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“while Rottboellia maintained the highest CER.”
t0“rice and weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in low light growth reduction between species decreased with age.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in low‐light‐induced growth reduction between the species became less marked with plant age.”
t0“rice and weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged low light increased CER across species, least in Eleusine.
- Taxon
- rice and weedst0
- Treatment
- prolonged exposure to low light intensitye0
- Outcome
- CERe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prolonged exposure to low light intensity increased CER for all species, it was least for Eleusine”
t0“rice and weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The three weeds had lower leaf conductance and transpiration than rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- leaf conductance, low transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three weed species had a lower leaf conductance, low transpiration rate, and higher water use efficiency than rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
The three weeds had higher water use efficiency than rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three weed species had a lower leaf conductance, low transpiration rate, and higher water use efficiency than rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice and weeds recovered from low light, especially after early exposure.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- recovered from low‐light treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both rice and weeds recovered from low‐light treatment, particularly if the latter was imposed early.”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous low light strongly inhibited Eleusine and Echinochloa growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Continuous exposure to 150 (μmol m −2 s −1 PARe0
- Interactor
- Eleusine and Echinochloa
Eleusine
Echinochloae0weed - Outcome
- growth of Eleusine and Echinochloae0
- Direction
- strongly inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Continuous exposure to 150 (μmol m −2 s −1 PAR strongly inhibited growth of Eleusine and Echinochloa”
t0“rice and weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous low light had an intermediate effect on rice growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Continuous exposure to 150 (μmol m −2 s −1 PARt1
- Outcome
- intermediate effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had an intermediate effect on rice”
t1“Continuous exposure to 150 (μmol m −2 s −1 PAR”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous low light affected Rottboellia growth least.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Continuous exposure to 150 (μmol m −2 s −1 PARt1
- Interactor
- Rottboellia
Rottboelliae0weed - Outcome
- affected Rottboellia leaste0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“affected Rottboellia least.”
t0“rice and weeds”
t1“Continuous exposure to 150 (μmol m −2 s −1 PAR”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 55 in the opposite direction
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