Abstract
SUMMARY Pod wall photosynthesis is known to contribute to nearly one-third of rape ( Brassica napus ) seed weight. The relationship between the number of seeds and the growth of the pod wall, and the effects of single and mixed applications of gibberellic acid (GA), naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl adenine (BA) on development of the pod wall were, therefore, examined in potted plants of spring rape under glasshouse conditions. The size and weight of the pod wall were closely associated with the number of seeds per pod, and a stronger development of tissues was observed in the presence of seeds. Application of BA alone or in combination with GA (GA + BA) to emasculated flowers induced the development of parthenocarpic pods similar in size and shape to the untreated seeded pods. NAA applied singly or in mixtures produced abnormal pods. BA enhanced cell division in all tissues while GA and NAA caused expansion of parenchyma in the mesocarp. Application of BA or GA + BA at 1–5 rather than at 11–15 days after flower opening led to the development of bigger pods. Younger pods responded more than the older ones when they were treated simultaneously. BA or GA + BA application to nonemasculated flowers on the terminal raceme delayed senescence in both basal and apical pods but it increased pod size only in the latter. The balance of cytokinins and gibberellins within a pod seems to play an important role in regulating the growth of the pod wall.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Pod wall size and weight were closely associated with seed number per pod.
- Taxon
- spring rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Organ / stage
- seeds per pode0
- Outcome
- size and weight of the pod walle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The size and weight of the pod wall were closely associated with the number of seeds per pod”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod wall tissues developed more strongly in the presence of seeds.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- development of tissuese0
- Direction
- strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a stronger development of tissues was observed in the presence of seeds”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
BA applied to emasculated flowers induced parthenocarpic pods similar in size and shape to seeded untreated pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- BA alonee0
- Outcome
- development of parthenocarpic pods similar in size and shapee0
- Comparator
- untreated seeded podse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of BA alone or in combination with GA (GA + BA) to emasculated flowers induced the development of parthenocarpic pods similar in size and shape to the untreated seeded pods.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
GA plus BA applied to emasculated flowers induced parthenocarpic pods similar to seeded untreated pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- GA + BAe0
- Outcome
- development of parthenocarpic pods similar in size and shapee0
- Comparator
- untreated seeded podse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of BA alone or in combination with GA (GA + BA) to emasculated flowers induced the development of parthenocarpic pods similar in size and shape to the untreated seeded pods.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA alone produced abnormal pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- NAA applied singlye0
- Outcome
- abnormal podse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA applied singly or in mixtures produced abnormal pods.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA in mixtures produced abnormal pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- NAA applied singly or in mixturese0
- Outcome
- abnormal podse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA applied singly or in mixtures produced abnormal pods.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
BA enhanced cell division in all pod tissues.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- cell division in all tissuese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA enhanced cell division in all tissues”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
GA caused parenchyma expansion in the mesocarp.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- expansion of parenchyma in the mesocarpe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA and NAA caused expansion of parenchyma in the mesocarp”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA caused parenchyma expansion in the mesocarp.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- expansion of parenchyma in the mesocarpe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA and NAA caused expansion of parenchyma in the mesocarp”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
BA applied at 1–5 days rather than 11–15 days after flower opening produced bigger pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- podse0
- Direction
- biggere0
- Qualifier
- 1–5e0
- Comparator
- 11–15 days after flower openinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of BA or GA + BA at 1–5 rather than at 11–15 days after flower opening led to the development of bigger pods.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
GA plus BA applied at 1–5 days rather than 11–15 days after flower opening produced bigger pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- GA + BAe0
- Outcome
- podse0
- Direction
- biggere0
- Comparator
- 11–15 days after flower openinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of BA or GA + BA at 1–5 rather than at 11–15 days after flower opening led to the development of bigger pods.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Younger pods responded more strongly than older pods treated at the same time.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- Younger podse0
- Outcome
- pods respondede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- older onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Younger pods responded more than the older ones when they were treated simultaneously.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
BA on nonemasculated terminal flowers delayed senescence in basal and apical pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- senescence in both basal and apical podse0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA or GA + BA application to nonemasculated flowers on the terminal raceme delayed senescence in both basal and apical pods”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
GA plus BA on nonemasculated terminal flowers delayed senescence in basal and apical pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- GA + BAe0
- Outcome
- senescence in both basal and apical podse0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA or GA + BA application to nonemasculated flowers on the terminal raceme delayed senescence in both basal and apical pods”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
BA on nonemasculated terminal flowers increased pod size only in apical pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- apical podse0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- pod sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA or GA + BA application to nonemasculated flowers on the terminal raceme delayed senescence in both basal and apical pods but it increased pod size only in the latter.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
GA plus BA on nonemasculated terminal flowers increased pod size only in apical pods.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- apical podse0
- Treatment
- GA + BAe0
- Outcome
- pod sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA or GA + BA application to nonemasculated flowers on the terminal raceme delayed senescence in both basal and apical pods but it increased pod size only in the latter.”
t0“spring rape”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that cytokinin and gibberellin balance regulates pod wall growth.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napust0
- Compound
- cytokinins and gibberellinse0
- Outcome
- growth of the pod walle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The balance of cytokinins and gibberellins within a pod seems to play an important role in regulating the growth of the pod wall.”
t0“spring rape”
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