Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa cv. Acacia), vetch (Vicia dasycarpa cv, Lana) and rape (Brassica napus cv. Rangi) were sown with or without 67 kg ha-1 nitrogen (N) in the autumns of 1969 and 1970 at Armidale, N.S.W. In both years the crops were rotationally grazed by sheep in late winter and spring at two fixed stocking rates (experiment 1). When grazing began in both years oat dry matter (DM) availability was approximately double that of vetch and rape. Oats remained highly productive in successive grazing periods whereas the recovery of vetch after the first grazing was slow. At the high stocking rates employed the rape crops were overgrazed and failed to regrow. Fertilizer N increased oat yields by more than 50 per cent and N content by 20 to 40 per cent, but neither vetch nor rape responded significantly. Minimum nitrogen contents of oats, rape and vetch were respectively 1.3, 2.7 and 4.0 per cent. Digestible organic matter content of the three forages exceeded 74 per cent throughout the experiment. Daily rates of liveweight gain per sheep were not significantly different on the three crops in the first grazing period. Daily gain per sheep responded significantly to fertilizer N only on oats in the second period in 1970 (P < 0.05). The total liveweight gain ha-1 pooled over all periods was much greater on oats than on vetch or rape. Clean wool per day tended to be higher on vetch than on the other crops but total wool production per hectare was greatest from oats in both years because of the longer period of grazing it provided. In a supplementary experiment (experiment 2) in 1969 the crops were grazed at an initially uniform stocking pressure (1 sheep per 10 kg dry matter available). Sheep grazing vetch gained 146 g head-1 day-1 which was faster than sheep on oats (92 g head-1 day-1) or rape (66 g head-1 day-1) (P < 0.05). The general effect of N fertilizer was to increase daily gain and almost double the mean gain per hectare.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
At the start of grazing, oat dry matter availability was approximately twice that of vetch and rape in both years.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Outcome
- oat dry matter (DM) availabilitye0
- Direction
- approximately doublee0
- Qualifier
- both yearse0
- Comparator
- vetch and rapee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When grazing began in both years oat dry matter (DM) availability was approximately double that of vetch and rape.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oats remained highly productive over successive grazing periods.
- Taxon
- OatsAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- highly productivee0
- Qualifier
- successive grazing periodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oats remained highly productive in successive grazing periods whereas the recovery of vetch after the first grazing was slow.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vetch recovered slowly after its first grazing.
Verbatim
e0“Oats remained highly productive in successive grazing periods whereas the recovery of vetch after the first grazing was slow.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rape failed to regrow after overgrazing at high stocking rates.
- Taxon
- rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Outcome
- failed to regrowe0
- Qualifier
- high stocking ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“At the high stocking rates employed the rape crops were overgrazed and failed to regrow.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased oat yields by more than 50 per cent.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- oat yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 50 per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N increased oat yields by more than 50 per cent and N content by 20 to 40 per cent, but neither vetch nor rape responded significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased oat nitrogen content by 20 to 40 per cent.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- N contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20 to 40 per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N increased oat yields by more than 50 per cent and N content by 20 to 40 per cent, but neither vetch nor rape responded significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vetch did not respond significantly to nitrogen fertilizer.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N increased oat yields by more than 50 per cent and N content by 20 to 40 per cent, but neither vetch nor rape responded significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rape did not respond significantly to nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- respondede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer N increased oat yields by more than 50 per cent and N content by 20 to 40 per cent, but neither vetch nor rape responded significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
The minimum nitrogen content of oats was 1.3 per cent.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- Minimum nitrogen contentse0
- Value
- 1.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum nitrogen contents of oats, rape and vetch were respectively 1.3, 2.7 and 4.0 per cent.”
Claim · model-written summary
The minimum nitrogen content of rape was 2.7 per cent.
- Taxon
- rapeBrassica napuse0
- Outcome
- Minimum nitrogen contentse0
- Value
- 2.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum nitrogen contents of oats, rape and vetch were respectively 1.3, 2.7 and 4.0 per cent.”
Claim · model-written summary
The minimum nitrogen content of vetch was 4.0 per cent.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum nitrogen contents of oats, rape and vetch were respectively 1.3, 2.7 and 4.0 per cent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Digestible organic matter content exceeded 74 per cent in oats, rape and vetch throughout the experiment.
Verbatim
e0“Digestible organic matter content of the three forages exceeded 74 per cent throughout the experiment.”
t0“oats, rape and vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Daily sheep liveweight gain did not differ significantly among the three crops in the first grazing period.
Verbatim
e0“Daily rates of liveweight gain per sheep were not significantly different on the three crops in the first grazing period.”
t0“oats, rape and vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected daily sheep gain on oats in the second grazing period of 1970.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- fertilizer Ne0
- Outcome
- Daily gain per sheepe0
- Qualifier
- second period in 1970e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daily gain per sheep responded significantly to fertilizer N only on oats in the second period in 1970 (P < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Total liveweight gain per hectare was much greater on oats than on vetch or rape.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- total liveweight gain ha-1e0
- Direction
- much greatere0
- Qualifier
- pooled over all periodse0
- Comparator
- vetch or rapee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total liveweight gain ha-1 pooled over all periods was much greater on oats than on vetch or rape.”
Claim · model-written summary
Clean wool production per day tended to be higher with vetch than with the other crops.
Verbatim
e0“Clean wool per day tended to be higher on vetch than on the other crops but total wool production per hectare was greatest from oats in both years because of the longer period of grazing it provided.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total wool production per hectare was greatest from oats in both years.
- Taxon
- oatsAvena sativae0
- Outcome
- total wool production per hectaree0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- both yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clean wool per day tended to be higher on vetch than on the other crops but total wool production per hectare was greatest from oats in both years because of the longer period of grazing it provided.”
Claim · model-written summary
With initially uniform stocking pressure, sheep on vetch gained 146 g head-1 day-1, faster than sheep on oats or rape.
Verbatim
e0“Sheep grazing vetch gained 146 g head-1 day-1 which was faster than sheep on oats (92 g head-1 day-1) or rape (66 g head-1 day-1) (P < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer generally increased daily sheep gain.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The general effect of N fertilizer was to increase daily gain and almost double the mean gain per hectare.”
t0“oats, rape and vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer almost doubled mean gain per hectare.
- Taxon
- oats, rape and vetcht0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- mean gain per hectaree0
- Direction
- almost doublee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The general effect of N fertilizer was to increase daily gain and almost double the mean gain per hectare.”
t0“oats, rape and vetch”
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