Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve the production from anther culture of embryos and green plants in Australian spring wheat genotypes by testing new treatments such as n-butanol, as well as other protocol modifications. To date, the use of n-butanol to enhance embryogenesis has only been tested in two European wheat cultivars; this is the first study which demonstrates its application across a range of breeding crosses. A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties. Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta. The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment medium also significantly improved the number of embryos and green plants in varieties and crosses, but only when used in combination with n-butanol treatment. A factorial experiment with four varieties and two treatments (n-butanol and Ca/macronutrients) revealed significant interactions between treatments and genotype. In three of the four varieties, the application of n-butanol resulted in significant increases in embryos and green plants with either pretreatment medium although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively. In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium and then there were dramatic improvements; from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The 5-h n-butanol treatment significantly improved embryo, green plant and doubled haploid production in Australian wheat crosses and varieties
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Australian wheat crosses and varietiese2
- Treatment
- A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanole2
- Outcome
- production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploidse2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Green plant production increased 3- to 6-fold in the cross Yitpi/2*Bumper
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Yitpi/2*Bumpere3
- Treatment
- A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanole2
- Outcome
- Green plant productione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- between 3- and 6-folde3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties”
e3“Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta”
Claim · model-written summary
Green plant production increased 3- to 6-fold in the cross Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Tammarin Rock/2*Bumpere3
- Treatment
- A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanole2
- Outcome
- Green plant productione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- between 3- and 6-folde3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties”
e3“Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta”
Claim · model-written summary
Green plant production increased 3- to 6-fold in the cross Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Tammarin Rock/2*Magentae3
- Treatment
- A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanole2
- Outcome
- Green plant productione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- between 3- and 6-folde3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties”
e3“Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium and macronutrients added to the mannitol pretreatment significantly improved embryo and green plant numbers, but only together with n-butanol
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment mediume2
- Outcome
- the number of embryos and green plantse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Qualifier
- only when used in combination with n-butanol treatmente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment medium also significantly improved the number of embryos and green plants in varieties and crosses, but only when used in combination with n-butanol treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Factorial experiment with four varieties showed significant interactions between n-butanol/Ca-macronutrient treatments and genotype
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- four varietiese2
- Treatment
- n-butanol and Ca/macronutrientse2
- Outcome
- significant interactions between treatments and genotypee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“A factorial experiment with four varieties and two treatments (n-butanol and Ca/macronutrients) revealed significant interactions between treatments and genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
In three of four varieties, n-butanol increased embryo and green plant numbers with either pretreatment medium
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- three of the four varietiese2
- Treatment
- the application of n-butanole2
- Outcome
- embryos and green plantse2
- Direction
- increasese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“In three of the four varieties, the application of n-butanol resulted in significant increases in embryos and green plants with either pretreatment medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Bumper gave 200 green plants per 100 anthers with the best pretreatment (Ca and macronutrients)
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Bumpere2
- Treatment
- Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment mediume2
- Outcome
- green plants per 100 antherse2
- Value
- 200e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Gladius gave 193 green plants per 100 anthers with the best pretreatment (Ca and macronutrients)
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Gladiuse2
- Treatment
- Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment mediume2
- Outcome
- green plants per 100 antherse2
- Value
- 193e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Magenta gave 52 green plants per 100 anthers with the best pretreatment (Ca and macronutrients)
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Magentae2
- Treatment
- Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment mediume2
- Outcome
- green plants per 100 antherse2
- Value
- 52e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In variety Fortune, n-butanol alone did not improve embryo or green plant production
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Fortunee2
- Treatment
- n-butanol treatmente2
- Outcome
- embryo or green plant productione2
- Direction
- did not improvee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium”
Claim · model-written summary
In variety Fortune, n-butanol combined with Ca and macronutrients gave dramatic improvements, from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Fortunee2
- Treatment
- combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment mediume3
- Outcome
- green plants per 100 antherse3
- Direction
- improvementse3
- Value
- from 0 to 27e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in Australian spring wheat genotypes”
e2“In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium”
e3“combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium and then there were dramatic improvements; from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers”
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