Abstract
Abstract Nitrification inhibitor amendment to fall‐applied N for winter wheat may reduce denitrification and leaching losses of N by maintaining N in ammoniacal form. A field study on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine‐loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) compared fall application of 15 N‐labeled urea with and without dicyandiamide (DCD) and split urea application in fall and spring. Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 ), but was not affected by DCD or time of N application. Recovery of 15 N in wheat the first year (mean 53%) was not affected by DCD or time of N application. Immobilization of 15 N was 21, 20, and 15% with the fall N plus DCD, split‐applied N, and fall N treatments, respectively. Nitrogen‐15 leached at harvest was less with fall N plus DCD or split‐applied N than with fall N only. Denitrification estimates, calculated as 15 N not accounted for, were not affected by DCD or timing of N. In the second year, 101 kg N ha −1 of unlabeled urea was split applied across the entire experiment. Grain yields averaged 2.07 Mg ha −1 and were not affected by N rate, DCD, or timing of N application from the previous year. Percent recovery of 15 N averaged 1.0 and 0.9% in the grain and straw, respectively, or about 10% of the 15 N immobilized the year before. Recovery of 15 N in the second year was significantly higher in the straw and roots following split‐applied N or fall N plus DCD, compared with following fall N alone. This suggests that nitrification inhibitors can affect N uptake of a second‐year crop by enhancing biological immobilization of fertilizer N.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
First-year wheat grain yield increased with nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.26 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicyandiamide did not significantly affect first-year wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DCDe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was not affected by DCD or time of N application”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application timing did not affect first-year wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- time of N applicatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was not affected by DCD or time of N application”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicyandiamide did not affect first-year wheat recovery of labeled nitrogen, averaging 53%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DCDe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Value
- 53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of 15 N in wheat the first year (mean 53%) was not affected by DCD or time of N application”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application timing did not affect first-year wheat recovery of labeled nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- time of N applicatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Value
- 53%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of 15 N in wheat the first year (mean 53%) was not affected by DCD or time of N application”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen immobilization was 21% under fall nitrogen plus DCD.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fall N plus DCDe0
- Value
- 21, 20, and 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immobilization of 15 N was 21, 20, and 15% with the fall N plus DCD, split‐applied N, and fall N treatments, respectively”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen immobilization was 20% with split-applied nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- split‐applied Ne0
- Value
- 20, and 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immobilization of 15 N was 21, 20, and 15% with the fall N plus DCD, split‐applied N, and fall N treatments, respectively”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen immobilization was 15% under fall-applied nitrogen alone.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fall N treatmentse0
- Value
- 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immobilization of 15 N was 21, 20, and 15% with the fall N plus DCD, split‐applied N, and fall N treatments, respectively”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Less labeled nitrogen leached at harvest with fall nitrogen plus DCD than with fall nitrogen alone.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fall N plus DCDe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- fall N onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen‐15 leached at harvest was less with fall N plus DCD or split‐applied N than with fall N only”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Less labeled nitrogen leached at harvest with split-applied nitrogen than with fall nitrogen alone.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- split‐applied Ne0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- fall N onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen‐15 leached at harvest was less with fall N plus DCD or split‐applied N than with fall N only”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicyandiamide did not affect estimates of denitrification.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DCDe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Denitrification estimates, calculated as 15 N not accounted for, were not affected by DCD or timing of N”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen timing did not affect estimates of denitrification.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- timing of Ne0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Denitrification estimates, calculated as 15 N not accounted for, were not affected by DCD or timing of N”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year wheat grain yield averaged 2.07 Mg ha−1 and was unaffected by the previous nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N ratee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Value
- 2.07 Mg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields averaged 2.07 Mg ha −1 and were not affected by N rate, DCD, or timing of N application from the previous year”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year wheat grain yield was unaffected by previous DCD.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- DCDe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields averaged 2.07 Mg ha −1 and were not affected by N rate, DCD, or timing of N application from the previous year”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year wheat grain yield was unaffected by previous nitrogen application timing.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- timing of N applicatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields averaged 2.07 Mg ha −1 and were not affected by N rate, DCD, or timing of N application from the previous year”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year wheat grain recovered 1.0% of labeled nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Value
- 1.0 and 0.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percent recovery of 15 N averaged 1.0 and 0.9% in the grain and straw, respectively”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year wheat straw recovered 0.9% of labeled nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- strawe0
- Value
- 0.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percent recovery of 15 N averaged 1.0 and 0.9% in the grain and straw, respectively”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
About 10% of nitrogen immobilized in the previous year was recovered in the second year.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Value
- 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“or about 10% of the 15 N immobilized the year before”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year wheat straw and roots had higher labeled-nitrogen recovery after split application than after fall nitrogen alone.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- straw and rootse0
- Treatment
- split‐applied Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- fall N alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of 15 N in the second year was significantly higher in the straw and roots following split‐applied N or fall N plus DCD, compared with following fall N alone”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year wheat straw and roots had higher labeled-nitrogen recovery after fall nitrogen plus DCD than after fall nitrogen alone.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- straw and rootse0
- Treatment
- fall N plus DCDe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- fall N alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of 15 N in the second year was significantly higher in the straw and roots following split‐applied N or fall N plus DCD, compared with following fall N alone”
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha −1 ) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha −1 )”
The same questions in other papers
cyanoguanidine · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →cyanoguanidine · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
nitrogen · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,736 papers in the same direction as this paper · 285 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- negative
2,057 papers more in this group
See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.