Abstract
Visual senescence symptoms and associated changes in constituent contents of three field-grown maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (Pioneer brand 3382, B73 x Mo17, and Farm Service brand 854) were compared in response to ear removal. Whole plants were harvested at eight intervals during the grain-filling period, and analyzed for dry matter, total N and nitrate N, phosphorus, sugars, and starch.Upper leaves of earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 showed reddish discoloration by 25 days after anthesis (DAA) and all leaves had lost most of their chlorophyll by 40 DAA. In striking contrast, leaves of earless FS854 plants remained green and similar in appearance to eared controls throughout the grain-filling period.For all hybrids, ear removal led to a decrease in dry weight, reduced N, total N, and phosphorus contents of the total plant, and an increase in carbohydrate content of the leaves and stalks, relative to respective controls. Although changes in carbohydrate and N contents, which previously had been associated with senescence, were observed for all earless hybrids, these changes were followed by accelerated senescence and early death only for P3382 and B73 x Mo17. By 30 DAA, earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 plants ceased to accumulate dry weight, total N, and phosphorus, indicating a termination of major metabolic activities. In contrast, earless FS854 plants retained a portion of these metabolic activities until 58 DAA, indicating a role for roots in determining rate of senescence development. Thus, the course of senescence was more accurately reflected by measurements of metabolic activities than by measurements of metabolite contents at any given time. These results show that the ear per se does not dictate the rate or completion of the senescence process, and implicated an association between the continued accumulation of N and associated root activities with the delayed senescence pattern of the earless FS854 plants. It is evident that studies involving control of senescence among species must also consider genotypic influences within species.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 upper leaves reddened by 25 DAA.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“Upper leaves of earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 showed reddish discoloration by 25 days after anthesis (DAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 leaves had lost most chlorophyll by 40 DAA.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“all leaves had lost most of their chlorophyll by 40 DAA”
e1“Upper leaves of earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 showed reddish discoloration by 25 days after anthesis (DAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Earless FS854 leaves remained green like eared controls.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“leaves of earless FS854 plants remained green and similar in appearance to eared controls throughout the grain-filling period”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear removal reduced dry weight in all hybrids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“For all hybrids, ear removal led to a decrease in dry weight, reduced N, total N, and phosphorus contents of the total plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear removal reduced reduced N in all hybrids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“For all hybrids, ear removal led to a decrease in dry weight, reduced N, total N, and phosphorus contents of the total plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear removal reduced total N in all hybrids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“For all hybrids, ear removal led to a decrease in dry weight, reduced N, total N, and phosphorus contents of the total plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear removal reduced phosphorus in all hybrids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“For all hybrids, ear removal led to a decrease in dry weight, reduced N, total N, and phosphorus contents of the total plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ear removal increased leaf and stalk carbohydrate content.
- Material
- all hybridse1
- Outcome
- carbohydrate contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- respective controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“an increase in carbohydrate content of the leaves and stalks, relative to respective controls”
e1“For all hybrids, ear removal led to a decrease in dry weight, reduced N, total N, and phosphorus contents of the total plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 senesced and died early.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“accelerated senescence and early death only for P3382 and B73 x Mo17”
Claim · model-written summary
Earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 stopped accumulating dry weight, N and phosphorus by 30 DAA.
- Material
- P3382 and B73 x Mo17e0
- Outcome
- dry weight, total N, and phosphoruse0
- Direction
- ceasede0
- Value
- 30 DAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“By 30 DAA, earless P3382 and B73 x Mo17 plants ceased to accumulate dry weight, total N, and phosphorus”
Claim · model-written summary
Earless FS854 retained some metabolic activity until 58 DAA.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“earless FS854 plants retained a portion of these metabolic activities until 58 DAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic activity better reflected senescence course than metabolite content.
- Material
- all hybridse1
- Outcome
- course of senescencee0
- Direction
- more accuratelye0
- Comparator
- measurements of metabolite contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“the course of senescence was more accurately reflected by measurements of metabolic activities than by measurements of metabolite contents at any given time”
e1“For all hybrids, ear removal led to a decrease in dry weight, reduced N, total N, and phosphorus contents of the total plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The ear itself did not dictate senescence rate or completion.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“the ear per se does not dictate the rate or completion of the senescence process”
e1“For all hybrids, ear removal led to a decrease in dry weight, reduced N, total N, and phosphorus contents of the total plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Continued N accumulation and root activity were associated with delayed senescence in earless FS854.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize Hybrids”
e0“association between the continued accumulation of N and associated root activities with the delayed senescence pattern of the earless FS854 plants”