Abstract
ABSTRACT No boron (B) deficiencies have been reported for rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in the United States and, when occurring elsewhere, reports often lack details of deficiency symptoms and leaf-B critical values. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of B and lime on yield, pollen viability, and to determine diagnostic symptoms of B deficiency in rice. Rice cv. “Bengal” was grown in the greenhouse on a soil acquired from a rice farm from SW Louisiana in the United States, a Caddo silt loam (Caddo sl) (Typic Glossaqualf, fine-silty, siliceous, thermic), treated with 0.44 mg B kg−1 (+B) or no B (−B). Split plots were limed at rates of (i) none; (ii) 224 mg kg−1 CaO+40.3 mg kg−1 MgO; and (iii) 673 mg kg−1 CaO+121 mg kg−1 MgO. Rice was also grown in −B and +B potting media and in −B sand culture using nutrient solution identical to that used in other studies of ours. Rough-rice yields from the +B Caddo sl treatment was 11% higher than from the −B treatment (29.3 vs. 26.3 g pot−1; P=0.02). The yield increase was likely due to fewer damaged pollen (8%) found from the +B than the −B treatment (17%; P=0.014). Leaf-B at tillering was 11.3 mg kg−1 for the B-treated rice and 7.1 mg kg−1 from the −B treatment. Liming did not significantly affect leaf B or yields. Boron deficiency symptoms were found only in the −B sand-culture where yields were 1.1 g pot−1, 96% less than that from the +B Caddo sl. Symptoms were like those found in our earlier hydroponic studies with twisted and whitish leaf tips starting at tillering and 1-cm white bands across the width of leaves. Maturity was delayed about four weeks. Boron deficiency from the Caddo sl and sand treatments occurred with leaf B≤7 mg kg−1 and with a Caddo sl soil B of 0.18 mg hws (hot-water soluble) B kg−1. Given that no B deficiency symptoms were found in rice experiencing moderate yield loss grown on the rice soil, one must rely on soil and plant analyses to help detect likely candidates for moderate B deficiency.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Boron increased rough-rice yield 11% in Caddo soil.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- +B Caddo sl treatmente0
- Outcome
- Rough-rice yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- −B treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rough-rice yields from the +B Caddo sl treatment was 11% higher than from the −B treatment (29.3 vs. 26.3 g pot−1; P=0.02).”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron treatment reduced damaged pollen from 17% to 8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- +Be0
- Outcome
- damaged pollene0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Comparator
- −B treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fewer damaged pollen (8%) found from the +B than the −B treatment (17%; P=0.014).”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf boron at tillering was 11.3 mg kg−1 with boron and 7.1 mg kg−1 without.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- tilleringe0
- Treatment
- B-treatede0
- Outcome
- Leaf-Be0
- Value
- 11.3 mg kg−1e0
- Qualifier
- 7.1 mg kg−1e0
- Comparator
- −B treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf-B at tillering was 11.3 mg kg−1 for the B-treated rice and 7.1 mg kg−1 from the −B treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming did not significantly affect leaf boron.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- leaf Be0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming did not significantly affect leaf B or yields.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming did not significantly affect rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Liminge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Liming did not significantly affect leaf B or yields.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron deficiency symptoms were found only in minus-boron sand culture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Boron deficiency symptomse0
- Setting
- −B sand-culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron deficiency symptoms were found only in the −B sand-culture where yields were 1.1 g pot−1, 96% less than that from the +B Caddo sl.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield in minus-boron sand culture was 1.1 g per pot, 96% below plus-boron Caddo soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- −B sand-culturee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- 1.1 g pot−1e0
- Comparator
- +B Caddo sle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“−B sand-culture where yields were 1.1 g pot−1, 96% less than that from the +B Caddo sl.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficient plants had twisted whitish leaf tips and white leaf bands.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- twisted and whitish leaf tips starting at tillering and 1-cm white bands across the width of leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“twisted and whitish leaf tips starting at tillering and 1-cm white bands across the width of leaves.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice maturity was delayed by about four weeks.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Maturitye0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- about four weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maturity was delayed about four weeks.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficiency occurred at leaf boron at or below 7 mg kg−1 and soil boron of 0.18 mg hws B kg−1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Boron deficiencye0
- Value
- leaf B≤7 mg kg−1e0
- Setting
- Caddo sl and sand treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boron deficiency from the Caddo sl and sand treatments occurred with leaf B≤7 mg kg−1 and with a Caddo sl soil B of 0.18 mg hws (hot-water soluble) B kg−1.”
t0“RICE”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and plant analyses are recommended to detect moderate boron deficiency without visible symptoms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- rely on soil and plant analyses to help detect likely candidates for moderate B deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one must rely on soil and plant analyses to help detect likely candidates for moderate B deficiency.”
t0“RICE”
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See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.