Abstract
Plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), are of great importance for plant growth and development. BRs signal through a cell surface receptor kinase, BRI1, and a GSK3-like kinase, BIN2, to regulate the BES1/BZR1 family of transcription factors, which directly bind to target gene promoters to activate or repress gene expression and mediate BR responses. To understand how BES1 regulates target gene expression, we identified two BES1-interacting proteins, ELF6 (early flowering 6) and its homolog REF6 (relative of early flowering 6), both of which are Jumonji N/C (JmjN/C) domain-containing proteins and were previously found to regulate flowering time. The interactions between BES1 and ELF6/REF6 were confirmed by GST pull-down and BiFC (bimolecular fluorescence complementation) experiments. Mutations in ELF6 or REF6 genes in Arabidopsis lead to BR-related phenotypes, including impaired cell elongation and reduced expression of BR target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments indicated that histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation status was changed in elf6 and ref6 mutants, consistent with recent findings that many Jmj proteins are histone demethylases. Our results demonstrate that BES1 recruits other transcriptional regulators such as ELF6 and REF6 to regulate target gene expression and coordinate BR responses with other developmental processes such as control of flowering time. Jmj domain-containing histone demethylases are involved in gene expression in many developmental processes and diseases, but how these proteins affect specific pathways is not well understood. Thus, our study establishes an important mechanism by which Jmj domain proteins modulate specific gene expression by interacting with pathway-specific transcription factors such as BES1.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
ELF6 and REF6 were identified as BES1-interacting proteins.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Gene
- ELF6e0
- Outcome
- BES1-interacting proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“we identified two BES1-interacting proteins, ELF6 (early flowering 6) and its homolog REF6 (relative of early flowering 6)”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of BES1 with ELF6 and REF6 was confirmed experimentally.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BES1 and ELF6/REF6e0
- Outcome
- interactions between BES1 and ELF6/REF6 were confirmede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“The interactions between BES1 and ELF6/REF6 were confirmed by GST pull-down and BiFC (bimolecular fluorescence complementation) experiments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis ELF6 or REF6 mutations impaired cell elongation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Mutations in ELF6 or REF6 genese0
- Gene
- ELF6 or REF6e0
- Outcome
- cell elongatione0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in ELF6 or REF6 genes in Arabidopsis lead to BR-related phenotypes, including impaired cell elongation and reduced expression of BR target genes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis ELF6 or REF6 mutations reduced BR target gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Mutations in ELF6 or REF6 genese0
- Gene
- ELF6 or REF6e0
- Outcome
- expression of BR target genese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations in ELF6 or REF6 genes in Arabidopsis lead to BR-related phenotypes, including impaired cell elongation and reduced expression of BR target genes.”
Claim · model-written summary
H3K9 methylation status changed in Arabidopsis elf6 and ref6 mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- elf6 and ref6 mutantse0
- Outcome
- histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation statuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation status was changed in elf6 and ref6 mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
BES1 recruits ELF6 and REF6 to regulate target gene expression and coordinate BR responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- BES1e0
- Outcome
- target gene expressione0
- Qualifier
- coordinate BR responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“BES1 recruits other transcriptional regulators such as ELF6 and REF6 to regulate target gene expression and coordinate BR responses”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · cytology · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →loss of function · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
158 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
193 papers more in this group
See all 197 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.