Abstract
The circadian clock plays important roles in the control of photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. Mutations in the LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) genes (lhy;cca1) accelerate flowering under short days, whereas lhy;cca1 delays flowering under continuous light (LL). The lhy;cca1 mutant also exhibits short hypocotyls and petioles under LL. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of both flowering time and organ lengths in the LHY/CCA1-dependent pathway are not fully understood. To address these questions, we performed EMS mutagenesis of the lhy-12;cca1-101 line and screened for mutations that enhance the lhy;cca1 phenotypes under LL. In this screen, we identified a novel allele of dwarf4 (dwf4) and named it petanko 5 (pta5). A similar level of enhancement of the delay in flowering was observed in these two dwf4 mutants when combined with the lhy;cca1 mutations. The lhy;cca1 and dwf4 mutations did not significantly affect the expression level of the floral repressor gene FLC under LL. Our results suggest that a defect in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling delayed flowering independent of the FLC expression level, at least in plants with the lhy;cca1 mutation grown under LL. The dwf4/pta5 mutation did not enhance the late-flowering phenotype of plants overexpressing SVP under LL, suggesting that SVP and BR function in a common pathway that controls flowering time. Our results suggest that the lhy;cca1 mutant exhibits delayed flowering due to both the BR signaling-dependent and -independent pathways under LL.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A novel dwarf4 allele, petanko 5, was found in the Arabidopsis mutant screen.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise1 - Gene
- dwarf4 (dwf4)e0
- Outcome
- novel allelee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified a novel allele of dwarf4 (dwf4) and named it petanko 5 (pta5)”
e1“flowering in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Two dwf4 mutants similarly enhanced flowering delay when combined with lhy;cca1 mutations.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- combined with the lhy;cca1 mutationse0
- Gene
- dwf4e0
- Outcome
- delay in floweringe0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar level of enhancement of the delay in flowering was observed in these two dwf4 mutants when combined with the lhy;cca1 mutations.”
e1“flowering in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The lhy;cca1 and dwf4 mutations did not significantly change FLC expression under continuous light.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- lhy;cca1 and dwf4 mutationse0
- Gene
- FLCe0
- Outcome
- expression level of the floral repressor gene FLCe0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lhy;cca1 and dwf4 mutations did not significantly affect the expression level of the floral repressor gene FLC under LL.”
e1“flowering in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
A brassinosteroid signaling defect may delay flowering independently of FLC expression in lhy;cca1 plants under continuous light.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- FLCe0
- Outcome
- delayed floweringe0
- Qualifier
- defect in brassinosteroid (BR) signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a defect in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling delayed flowering independent of the FLC expression level, at least in plants with the lhy;cca1 mutation grown under LL”
e1“flowering in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The dwf4/pta5 mutation did not enhance late flowering of SVP overexpressors under continuous light.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- dwf4/pta5 mutatione0
- Gene
- SVPe0
- Outcome
- late-flowering phenotypee0
- Direction
- did not enhancee0
- Comparator
- plants overexpressing SVPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dwf4/pta5 mutation did not enhance the late-flowering phenotype of plants overexpressing SVP under LL”
e1“flowering in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SVP and brassinosteroid may function in a shared flowering-time pathway.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- SVPe0
- Outcome
- flowering timee0
- Qualifier
- common pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SVP and BR function in a common pathway that controls flowering time”
e1“flowering in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Both brassinosteroid-dependent and independent pathways may explain delayed flowering of lhy;cca1 under continuous light.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Outcome
- delayed floweringe0
- Qualifier
- BR signaling-dependent and -independent pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lhy;cca1 mutant exhibits delayed flowering due to both the BR signaling-dependent and -independent pathways under LL”
e1“flowering in Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
158 papers in the same direction as this paper · 38 in the opposite direction
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