Abstract
The effects of 2,4-D and MCPA amine treatments on cold tolerance and other agronomic characters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) were studied in controlled environment and field trails. For both species, the level of cold tolerance achieved in controlled environments was reduced following exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA at rates up to 2.24 kg ha −1 . In contrast, similar rates of fall applied 2,4-D and MCPA did not affect the cold tolerance of wheat and rye growing in the field. Treatment of plants from different seeding dates indicated that the observed field herbicide tolerance was not influenced by large differences in plant growth stage. Yield and other agronomic characters were also unaffected by fall 2,4-D and MCPA treatment. In contrast, broadleaf weed control was obtained with rates as low as 0.28 kg ha −1 for both herbicides, emphasizing the large safety margin between rates required for effective winter annual weed control and crop tolerance levels. From a practical standpoint, the influence of other management practices, such as delayed seeding, were of much greater importance in winter cereal production than the effects of commerical rates of 2,4-D or MCPA applied in the fall for broadleaf weed control.Key words: Wheat (winter), rye, 2,4-D amine, MCPA amine, cold tolerance
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cold tolerance of winter wheat achieved in controlled environments was reduced after exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA at rates up to 2.24 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEAT
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA at rates up to 2.24 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- level of cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- controlled environmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
e0“For both species, the level of cold tolerance achieved in controlled environments was reduced following exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA at rates up to 2.24 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar rates of fall-applied 2,4-D and MCPA did not affect the cold tolerance of winter wheat growing in the field.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fall applied 2,4-D and MCPAe0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
e0“similar rates of fall applied 2,4-D and MCPA did not affect the cold tolerance of wheat and rye growing in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Field herbicide tolerance of winter wheat was not influenced by large differences in plant growth stage (different seeding dates).
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- large differences in plant growth stagee0
- Outcome
- field herbicide tolerancee0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
e0“the observed field herbicide tolerance was not influenced by large differences in plant growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and other agronomic characters of winter wheat were unaffected by fall 2,4-D and MCPA treatment.
- Taxon
- WINTER WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fall 2,4-D and MCPA treatmente0
- Outcome
- Yield and other agronomic characterse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“WINTER WHEAT”
e0“Yield and other agronomic characters were also unaffected by fall 2,4-D and MCPA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold tolerance of rye achieved in controlled environments was reduced after exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA at rates up to 2.24 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- RYE
Secale cerealet0 - Treatment
- exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA at rates up to 2.24 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- level of cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- controlled environmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RYE”
e0“For both species, the level of cold tolerance achieved in controlled environments was reduced following exposure to 2,4-D and MCPA at rates up to 2.24 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar rates of fall-applied 2,4-D and MCPA did not affect the cold tolerance of rye growing in the field.
- Taxon
- RYESecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- fall applied 2,4-D and MCPAe0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- in the fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RYE”
e0“similar rates of fall applied 2,4-D and MCPA did not affect the cold tolerance of wheat and rye growing in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Field herbicide tolerance of rye was not influenced by large differences in plant growth stage (different seeding dates).
- Taxon
- RYESecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- large differences in plant growth stagee0
- Outcome
- field herbicide tolerancee0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RYE”
e0“the observed field herbicide tolerance was not influenced by large differences in plant growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and other agronomic characters of rye were unaffected by fall 2,4-D and MCPA treatment.
- Taxon
- RYESecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- fall 2,4-D and MCPA treatmente0
- Outcome
- Yield and other agronomic characterse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“RYE”
e0“Yield and other agronomic characters were also unaffected by fall 2,4-D and MCPA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadleaf weed control was obtained with rates as low as 0.28 kg ha-1 of both 2,4-D and MCPA, far below the rates that affected crop tolerance.
Verbatim
e0“broadleaf weed control was obtained with rates as low as 0.28 kg ha −1 for both herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that other management practices such as delayed seeding matter much more in winter cereal production than fall-applied commercial rates of 2,4-D or MCPA.
Verbatim
e0“the influence of other management practices, such as delayed seeding, were of much greater importance in winter cereal production than the effects of commerical rates of 2,4-D or MCPA applied in the fall for broadleaf weed control”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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- no effect
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See all 29 papers →2,4-D · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid · yield · Secale cereale (rye)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.