Abstract
With the forthcoming release of the 2,4-D- and dicamba-resistance traits stacked with either glyphosate or glufosinate resistance, the use of 2,4-D or dicamba alone or in tank mix with glyphosate or glufosinate likely will increase the control of glyphosate-resistant weeds in soybean. There also is an increasing trend among soybean growers to apply POST herbicides in combination with fungicides, insecticides, and fertilizers to reduce trips over the field. Greenhouse experiments were conducted during 2011 and 2012 to evaluate glyphosate or glufosinate applications with growth regulator herbicides and other agrochemicals for the control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed and glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters. In most cases, glyphosate or glufosinate application with 2,4-D or dicamba provided 80% or more control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed and glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters. These studies demonstrate that performance of glufosinate alone and with agrochemicals was poor on glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters. However, no differences in glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters biomass were noted among treatments including glufosinate alone, glufosinate plus growth regulator herbicides, and glufosinate plus growth regulator herbicides plus agrochemicals. The agrochemicals lambda-cyhalothrin, manganese, and pyraclostrobin did not affect weed control by glyphosate or glufosinate combinations with growth regulator herbicides. Visible soybean injury was noted at 1 wk after treatment (WAT) only when glufosinate was applied with lambda-cyhalothrin or pyraclostrobin but no differences in visible injury were seen with these combinations at 3 WAT.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate with 2,4-D or dicamba generally provided at least 80% horseweed control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- glyphosate or glufosinate application with 2,4-D or dicambae0
- Interactor
- glyphosate-resistant horseweede0weed
- Outcome
- control of glyphosate-resistant horseweede0
- Value
- 80% or moree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate or glufosinate application with 2,4-D or dicamba provided 80% or more control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed and glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters”
e1“soybean growers”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide combinations generally provided at least 80% resistant lambsquarters control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- glyphosate or glufosinate application with 2,4-D or dicambae0
- Interactor
- glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarterse0weed
- Outcome
- glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarterse0
- Value
- 80% or moree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glyphosate or glufosinate application with 2,4-D or dicamba provided 80% or more control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed and glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters”
e1“soybean growers”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate alone and with agrochemicals performed poorly on resistant lambsquarters.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarterse0weed
- Outcome
- performance of glufosinate alone and with agrochemicalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“performance of glufosinate alone and with agrochemicals was poor on glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters”
e1“soybean growers”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant lambsquarters biomass did not differ across glufosinate treatment combinations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- glufosinate plus growth regulator herbicides plus agrochemicalse0
- Interactor
- glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarterse0weed
- Outcome
- glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters biomasse0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- glufosinate alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences in glyphosate-resistant common lambsquarters biomass were noted among treatments including glufosinate alone, glufosinate plus growth regulator herbicides, and glufosinate plus growth regulator herbicides plus agrochemicals”
e1“soybean growers”
Claim · model-written summary
Added agrochemicals did not affect weed control by herbicide combinations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- lambda-cyhalothrin, manganese, and pyraclostrobine0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The agrochemicals lambda-cyhalothrin, manganese, and pyraclostrobin did not affect weed control by glyphosate or glufosinate combinations with growth regulator herbicides”
e1“soybean growers”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate with lambda-cyhalothrin caused visible soybean injury at one week.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- glufosinate was applied with lambda-cyhalothrine0
- Outcome
- Visible soybean injurye0
- Qualifier
- 1 wk after treatment (WAT)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visible soybean injury was noted at 1 wk after treatment (WAT) only when glufosinate was applied with lambda-cyhalothrin or pyraclostrobin”
e1“soybean growers”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate with pyraclostrobin caused visible soybean injury at one week.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- pyraclostrobine0
- Outcome
- Visible soybean injurye0
- Qualifier
- 1 wk after treatment (WAT)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visible soybean injury was noted at 1 wk after treatment (WAT) only when glufosinate was applied with lambda-cyhalothrin or pyraclostrobin”
e1“soybean growers”
Claim · model-written summary
Visible soybean injury did not differ among these combinations at three weeks.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- these combinationse0
- Outcome
- visible injurye0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Qualifier
- 3 WATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences in visible injury were seen with these combinations at 3 WAT”
e1“soybean growers”
The same questions in other papers
lambda-cyhalothrin · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
pyraclostrobin · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
2,4-D · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →glufosinate · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →dicamba · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →glufosinate · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →2,4-D · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →glyphosate · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.