Abstract
Abstract Little information is available on the relative efficacy of Group 4 herbicides for glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed management in soybean. Five field research experiments were conducted in growers’ fields from 2020 to 2021 to determine GR horseweed control with Group 4 herbicides applied preplant (PP) alone and in a mixture. There was minimal soybean injury (≤4%) with herbicides evaluated. Dicamba, 2,4-D, or halauxifen-methyl applied PP controlled GR horseweed 92% to 96%, 73% to 76%, and 85% to 89%, respectively. The mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl provided 97% to 99% control of GR horseweed, similar to dicamba applied alone. The mixture of 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl provided 93% to 94% control of GR horseweed. Dicamba + saflufenacil controlled GR horseweed at 98%. Dicamba alone, dicamba + 2,4-D ester, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D ester + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed density 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively, similar to a 98% density reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil. Other herbicide treatments had no effect on GR horseweed density. Dicamba, 2,4-D, and halauxifen-methyl applied PP decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99%, 76%, and 72%, respectively. The mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99% to 100%, similar to a 99% dry biomass reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil. The mixture of 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 94%. Soybean yield was decreased by 61% when GR horseweed was left uncontrolled. Results show that Group 4 herbicides that include dicamba applied PP can be very effective in managing GR horseweed in soybean.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba applied preplant controlled glyphosate-resistant horseweed by 92% to 96%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Dicambae1
- Interactor
- GR horseweede1weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweede1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 92% to 96%e1
- Qualifier
- applied PPe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e1“Dicamba, 2,4-D, or halauxifen-methyl applied PP controlled GR horseweed 92% to 96%, 73% to 76%, and 85% to 89%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D applied preplant controlled glyphosate-resistant horseweed by 73% to 76%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De1
- Interactor
- GR horseweede1weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweede1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 73% to 76%e1
- Qualifier
- applied PPe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e1“Dicamba, 2,4-D, or halauxifen-methyl applied PP controlled GR horseweed 92% to 96%, 73% to 76%, and 85% to 89%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Halauxifen-methyl applied preplant controlled glyphosate-resistant horseweed by 85% to 89%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- halauxifen-methyle1
- Interactor
- GR horseweede1weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweede1
- Direction
- controllede1
- Value
- 85% to 89%e1
- Qualifier
- applied PPe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e1“Dicamba, 2,4-D, or halauxifen-methyl applied PP controlled GR horseweed 92% to 96%, 73% to 76%, and 85% to 89%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of dicamba with 2,4-D and/or halauxifen-methyl controlled glyphosate-resistant horseweed by 97% to 99%, similar to dicamba alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyle2
- Interactor
- GR horseweede2weed
- Outcome
- control of GR horseweede2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Value
- 97% to 99%e2
- Comparator
- dicamba applied alonee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e2“The mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl provided 97% to 99% control of GR horseweed, similar to dicamba applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D with halauxifen-methyl controlled glyphosate-resistant horseweed by 93% to 94%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyle3
- Interactor
- GR horseweede3weed
- Outcome
- control of GR horseweede3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Value
- 93% to 94%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e3“The mixture of 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl provided 93% to 94% control of GR horseweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba with saflufenacil controlled glyphosate-resistant horseweed by 98%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Dicamba + saflufenacile4
- Interactor
- GR horseweede4weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweede4
- Direction
- controllede4
- Value
- 98%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e4“Dicamba + saflufenacil controlled GR horseweed at 98%”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba alone and dicamba with 2,4-D ester decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed density by 97% and 99%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Dicamba alone, dicamba + 2,4-D estere5
- Interactor
- GR horseweede5weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed densitye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 97%, 99%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e5“Dicamba alone, dicamba + 2,4-D ester, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D ester + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed density 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively, similar to a 98% density reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba with halauxifen-methyl decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed density by 99%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicamba + halauxifen-methyle5
- Interactor
- GR horseweede5weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed densitye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 99%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e5“Dicamba alone, dicamba + 2,4-D ester, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D ester + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed density 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively, similar to a 98% density reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba with 2,4-D ester and halauxifen-methyl decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed density by 98%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicamba + 2,4-D ester + halauxifen-methyle5
- Interactor
- GR horseweede5weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed densitye5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 98%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e5“Dicamba alone, dicamba + 2,4-D ester, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D ester + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed density 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively, similar to a 98% density reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba with saflufenacil decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed density by 98%, similar to the other dicamba mixtures.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicamba + saflufenacile5
- Interactor
- GR horseweede5weed
- Outcome
- density reductione5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Value
- 98%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e5“Dicamba alone, dicamba + 2,4-D ester, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D ester + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed density 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively, similar to a 98% density reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil”
Claim · model-written summary
Other herbicide treatments had no effect on glyphosate-resistant horseweed density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Other herbicide treatmentse1
- Interactor
- GR horseweede1weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed densitye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e1“Other herbicide treatments had no effect on GR horseweed density”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba applied preplant decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed dry biomass by 99%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Dicambae6
- Interactor
- GR horseweede6weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed dry biomasse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 99%e6
- Qualifier
- applied PPe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e6“Dicamba, 2,4-D, and halauxifen-methyl applied PP decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99%, 76%, and 72%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D applied preplant decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed dry biomass by 76%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-De6
- Interactor
- GR horseweede6weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed dry biomasse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 76%e6
- Qualifier
- applied PPe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e6“Dicamba, 2,4-D, and halauxifen-methyl applied PP decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99%, 76%, and 72%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Halauxifen-methyl applied preplant decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed dry biomass by 72%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- halauxifen-methyle6
- Interactor
- GR horseweede6weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed dry biomasse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 72%e6
- Qualifier
- applied PPe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e6“Dicamba, 2,4-D, and halauxifen-methyl applied PP decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99%, 76%, and 72%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of dicamba with 2,4-D and/or halauxifen-methyl decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed dry biomass by 99% to 100%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyle7
- Interactor
- GR horseweede7weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed dry biomasse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 99% to 100%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e7“The mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99% to 100%, similar to a 99% dry biomass reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D with halauxifen-methyl decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed dry biomass by 94%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyle1
- Interactor
- GR horseweede1weed
- Outcome
- GR horseweed dry biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 94%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e1“The mixture of 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 94%”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba with saflufenacil decreased glyphosate-resistant horseweed dry biomass by 99%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dicamba + saflufenacile7
- Interactor
- GR horseweede7weed
- Outcome
- dry biomasse7
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede7
- Value
- 99%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e7“The mixtures of dicamba + 2,4-D, dicamba + halauxifen-methyl, and dicamba + 2,4-D + halauxifen-methyl decreased GR horseweed dry biomass by 99% to 100%, similar to a 99% dry biomass reduction with dicamba + saflufenacil”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaving glyphosate-resistant horseweed uncontrolled decreased soybean yield by 61%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GR horseweed was left uncontrollede1
- Interactor
- GR horseweede1weed
- Outcome
- Soybean yielde1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 61%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e1“Soybean yield was decreased by 61% when GR horseweed was left uncontrolled”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 4 herbicides caused minimal soybean injury.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- soybean injurye1
- Value
- 4%e1
- Qualifier
- minimale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e1“There was minimal soybean injury (≤4%) with herbicides evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
Group 4 herbicides including dicamba applied preplant can be very effective in managing glyphosate-resistant horseweed in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Group 4 herbicides that include dicamba applied PPe1
- Outcome
- managing GR horseweede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed with Group 4 herbicides in soybean”
e1“Results show that Group 4 herbicides that include dicamba applied PP can be very effective in managing GR horseweed in soybean”
The same questions in other papers
dicamba · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →2,4-D · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →saflufenacil · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
halauxifen-methyl · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
2,4-D · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →saflufenacil · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →dicamba · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →2,4-D · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.