Tolerance of Soybean (Glycine max L.) to Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors and Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Applied Preemergence

Claim · model-written summary

Flumioxazin injury to soybean persisted to 4 weeks after emergence at 3%.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

flumioxazine1

Outcome

soybean injurye1

Direction

persistede1

Value

3%e1

Qualifier

4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE)e1

Setting

southern Ontario, Canadae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“Nine field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at various locations in southern Ontario, Canada”

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

Claim · model-written summary

Saflufenacil injury to soybean persisted to 4 weeks after emergence at 5%.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

saflufenacile1

Outcome

soybean injurye1

Direction

persistede1

Value

5%e1

Qualifier

4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE)e1

Setting

southern Ontario, Canadae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“Nine field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at various locations in southern Ontario, Canada”

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

Claim · model-written summary

Sulfentrazone injury to soybean persisted to 4 weeks after emergence at 18%.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

sulfentrazonee1

Outcome

soybean injurye1

Direction

persistede1

Value

18%e1

Qualifier

4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE)e1

Setting

southern Ontario, Canadae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“Nine field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 at various locations in southern Ontario, Canada”

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

Claim · model-written summary

Saflufenacil and sulfentrazone tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitors showed additive interactions for soybean injury.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

saflufenacil and sulfentrazonee2

Outcome

injurye2

Direction

additive interactionse2

Qualifier

tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitorse2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

e2

“When Protox inhibitors were tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitors (i.e., dimethenamid-P, S-metolachlor, and pyroxasulfone), additive interactions were observed for injury with saflufenacil and sulfentrazone; whereas synergistic interactions were observed with flumioxazin”

Claim · model-written summary

Flumioxazin tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitors showed synergistic interactions for soybean injury.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

flumioxazine2

Outcome

injurye2

Direction

synergistic interactionse2

Qualifier

tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitorse2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

e2

“When Protox inhibitors were tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitors (i.e., dimethenamid-P, S-metolachlor, and pyroxasulfone), additive interactions were observed for injury with saflufenacil and sulfentrazone; whereas synergistic interactions were observed with flumioxazin”

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean injury from the flumioxazin + S-metolachlor tank mix decreased over time, from as much as 34% at 1 WAE to 9% at 4 WAE.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

flumioxazin + S-metolachlor tank mixe3

Outcome

injurye3

Direction

decreasinge3

Value

34%e3

Qualifier

down to 9% injury 4 WAEe3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

e3

“However, injury subsided over time decreasing from as much as 34% injury 1 WAE for the flumioxazin + S-metolachlor tank mix down to 9% injury 4 WAE”

Claim · model-written summary

Saflufenacil or flumioxazin tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitors reduced soybean height and dry weight more than expected, indicating synergistic responses.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

saflufenacil or flumioxazin were tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitorse4

Outcome

height and dry weighte4

Direction

greater than expected reductionse4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

e4

“In general, when saflufenacil or flumioxazin were tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitors, greater than expected reductions in height and dry weight were observed indicating synergistic responses; while no interactive effects were detected with sulfentrazone and VLCFA inhibitor tank mixes”

Claim · model-written summary

Sulfentrazone with VLCFA inhibitor tank mixes showed no interactive effects.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

sulfentrazone and VLCFA inhibitor tank mixese4

Outcome

interactive effectse4

Direction

no interactive effectse4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

e4

“In general, when saflufenacil or flumioxazin were tank mixed with VLCFA inhibitors, greater than expected reductions in height and dry weight were observed indicating synergistic responses; while no interactive effects were detected with sulfentrazone and VLCFA inhibitor tank mixes”

Claim · model-written summary

The flumioxazin tank mixes with dimethenamid-P or S-metolachlor reduced soybean yield more than expected, indicating synergistic interactive effects.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Treatment

flumioxazin tank mixes that contained dimethenamid-P or S-metolachlore5

Outcome

reduction in yielde5

Direction

greater than expectede5

Qualifier

synergistic interactive effectse5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

e5

“For the flumioxazin tank mixes that contained dimethenamid-P or S-metolachlor, the reduction in yield was greater than expected indicating synergistic interactive effects”

Claim · model-written summary

Soybean yield after any Protox and VLCFA inhibitor tank mix was similar to the untreated control.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe6

Treatment

any of the Protox inhibitor and VLCFA inhibitor tank mixes testede6

Outcome

yielde6

Direction

similare6

Comparator

untreated controle6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e6

“Yet, all the demonstrated impacts were transient as the yield for soybean treated with any of the Protox inhibitor and VLCFA inhibitor tank mixes tested were similar to the untreated control”

Claim · model-written summary

The demonstrated soybean impacts of the Protox and VLCFA herbicides were transient.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe6

Outcome

demonstrated impacts were transiente6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e6

“Yet, all the demonstrated impacts were transient as the yield for soybean treated with any of the Protox inhibitor and VLCFA inhibitor tank mixes tested were similar to the untreated control”

Claim · model-written summary

Usage restrictions on Protox and VLCFA herbicide mixtures in soybean should be lifted so the herbicides can be combined to expand weed control options.

Taxon

soybeanGlycine maxe1

Outcome

usage restriction on these mixturese7

Qualifier

should be lifted so the herbicides could be combined to expand weed control optionse7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e1

“Early-season soybean injury from the Protox inhibitors persisted 4 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) with 3%, 5%, and 18% injury for flumioxazin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone, respectively”

e7

“Therefore, usage restriction on these mixtures, based on perceived negative yield impact, should be lifted so the herbicides could be combined to expand weed control options”