Abstract
Abstract Field studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Arkansas, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Tennessee to determine if cover-crop residue interfered with herbicides that provide residual control of Palmer amaranth and waterhemp in no-till soybean. The experiments were established in the fall with planting of cover crops (cereal rye + hairy vetch). Herbicide treatments consisted of a nontreated or no residual, acetochlor, dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, pendimethalin, metribuzin, pyroxasulfone, and S -metolachlor. Palmer amaranth took 18 d and waterhemp took 24 d in the cover crop–alone (nontreated) treatment to reach a height of 10 cm. Compared with this treatment, all herbicides except metribuzin increased the number of days until 10-cm Palmer amaranth was present. Flumioxazin applied alone or in a mixture with pyroxasulfone were the best at delaying Palmer amaranth growing to a height of 10 cm (35 d and 33 d, respectively). The herbicides that resulted in the lowest Palmer amaranth density (1.5 to 4 times less) integrated with a cover crop were pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, and acetochlor. Those four herbicide treatments also delayed Palmer amaranth emergence for the longest period (27 to 34 d). Waterhemp density was 7 to 14 times less with acetochlor than all the other herbicides present. Yield differences were observed for locations with waterhemp. This research supports previous research indicating that utilizing soil-residual herbicides along with cover crops improves control of Palmer amaranth and/or waterhemp.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Without herbicide, Palmer amaranth reached 10 cm in 18 d.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- cover crop–alone (nontreated) treatmente0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranthe0
- Value
- 18 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth took 18 d and waterhemp took 24 d in the cover crop–alone (nontreated) treatment to reach a height of 10 cm”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Without herbicide, waterhemp reached 10 cm in 24 d.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- cover crop–alone (nontreated) treatmente0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhempe0
- Value
- 24 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth took 18 d and waterhemp took 24 d in the cover crop–alone (nontreated) treatment to reach a height of 10 cm”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicides except metribuzin delayed 10 cm Palmer amaranth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all herbicides except metribuzine0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- number of days until 10-cm Palmer amaranth was presente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- this treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with this treatment, all herbicides except metribuzin increased the number of days until 10-cm Palmer amaranth was present”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin alone delayed Palmer amaranth to 35 d.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Flumioxazin applied alonee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- delaying Palmer amaranth growing to a height of 10 cme0
- Direction
- delayinge0
- Value
- 35 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin applied alone or in a mixture with pyroxasulfone were the best at delaying Palmer amaranth growing to a height of 10 cm (35 d and 33 d, respectively)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin with pyroxasulfone delayed Palmer amaranth to 33 d.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- mixture with pyroxasulfonee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- delaying Palmer amaranth growing to a height of 10 cme0
- Direction
- delayinge0
- Value
- 33 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flumioxazin applied alone or in a mixture with pyroxasulfone were the best at delaying Palmer amaranth growing to a height of 10 cm (35 d and 33 d, respectively)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin produced low Palmer amaranth density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone + flumioxazine0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.5 to 4 times lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides that resulted in the lowest Palmer amaranth density (1.5 to 4 times less) integrated with a cover crop were pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, and acetochlor”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin produced low Palmer amaranth density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- flumioxazine0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.5 to 4 times lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides that resulted in the lowest Palmer amaranth density (1.5 to 4 times less) integrated with a cover crop were pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, and acetochlor”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone produced low Palmer amaranth density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfonee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.5 to 4 times lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides that resulted in the lowest Palmer amaranth density (1.5 to 4 times less) integrated with a cover crop were pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, and acetochlor”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetochlor produced low Palmer amaranth density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- acetochlore0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.5 to 4 times lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicides that resulted in the lowest Palmer amaranth density (1.5 to 4 times less) integrated with a cover crop were pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, and acetochlor”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The four treatments delayed Palmer amaranth emergence 27 to 34 d.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Those four herbicide treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth emergencee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 27 to 34 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Those four herbicide treatments also delayed Palmer amaranth emergence for the longest period (27 to 34 d)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetochlor reduced waterhemp density 7 to 14 times versus other herbicides.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- acetochlore0
- Interactor
- Waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- Waterhemp densitye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 7 to 14 timese0
- Comparator
- all the other herbicides presente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Waterhemp density was 7 to 14 times less with acetochlor than all the other herbicides present”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield differed at locations with waterhemp.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- Yield differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield differences were observed for locations with waterhemp”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded residual herbicides with cover crops improve weed control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- utilizing soil-residual herbicides along with cover cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“utilizing soil-residual herbicides along with cover crops improves control of Palmer amaranth and/or waterhemp”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
metribuzin · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →flumioxazin · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →pyroxasulfone · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
flumioxazin · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
herbicide · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →herbicide · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 58 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
118 papers more in this group
See all 122 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.