Abstract
Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years on basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) during summer and rainy seasons (April–November) of 2009 and 2010 in a sandy clay-loam soil (typic Ustochrept) at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of zinc fertilizer sources [ethylenediamenetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-chelated zinc (Zn; 12% Zn), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O; 21% Zn), zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO4.H2O; 33% Zn), zinc oxide (ZnO; 82% Zn), and ZnSO4.7H2O + ZnO (50% + 50%)] and summer green manuring crops [Sesbania aculeata, Crotalaria juncea and Vigna unguiculata] on productivity, Zn-uptake and economics of basmati rice. Among the summer green manuring crops, Sesbania aculeata accumulated highest amount of total dry matter, 5.46 and 5.77 t ha−1 during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata also led to a significant increase in grain, straw and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics of succeeding basmati rice. With the incorporation of Sesbania aculeata, grain and straw yields of basmati rice was 4.89, 5.56 and 9.04, 10.21 t−1 ha during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Among the Zn fertilizer sources, EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) was found to be the best with respect to grain, straw, and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics. Application of EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) recorded the highest basmati rice grain (5.15 and 5.76 t ha−1) and straw yields (9.30 and 10.48 t ha−1) compared to control (no Zn application), which produced 4.09 and 4.75 t ha−1 of grain and 8.13 and 9.39 t ha−1 of straw yields, respectively, during 2009 and 2010. Highest Zn concentration in grain and straw and its uptake was recorded with Sesbania aculeata incorporation compared with Crotalaria juncea, Vigna unguiculata and summer fallow. Highest total Zn uptake in basmati rice was recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) application, followed by ZnSO4.7H2O (21% Zn), ZnSO4.H2O (33% Zn), ZnSO4.7H2O + ZnO (50% + 50%), ZnO (82% Zn), and control (no Zn application). Sesbania aculeata incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) treatments were found a better combination with respect to basmati rice productivity. The best economical returns were obtained with Sesbania aculeata incorporation and ZnSO4.7H2O (21% Zn) combination. Thus, adequate Zn fertilization along with green manure crop incorporation can lead to higher productivity of basmati rice.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania aculeata had the highest dry matter in 2009, at 5.46 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- Sesbania aculeata
Sesbania bispinosae0 - Outcome
- total dry mattere0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.46 and 5.77 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- during 2009 and 2010e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sesbania aculeata accumulated highest amount of total dry matter, 5.46 and 5.77 t ha−1 during 2009 and 2010, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania incorporation significantly increased grain, straw and biological rice yields.
- Taxon
- basmati ricee0
- Treatment
- Incorporation of Sesbania aculeatae0
- Outcome
- grain, straw and biological yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata also led to a significant increase in grain, straw and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics of succeeding basmati rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania incorporation significantly increased rice Zn content and uptake.
- Taxon
- basmati ricee0
- Treatment
- Incorporation of Sesbania aculeatae0
- Outcome
- Zn content and uptakee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata also led to a significant increase in grain, straw and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics of succeeding basmati rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania incorporation significantly increased rice economics.
- Taxon
- basmati ricee0
- Treatment
- Incorporation of Sesbania aculeatae0
- Outcome
- economicse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata also led to a significant increase in grain, straw and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics of succeeding basmati rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield with Sesbania incorporation was 4.89 and 5.56 t−1 ha in 2009 and 2010.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“With the incorporation of Sesbania aculeata, grain and straw yields of basmati rice was 4.89, 5.56 and 9.04, 10.21 t−1 ha during 2009 and 2010, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw yield with Sesbania incorporation was 9.04 and 10.21 t−1 ha in 2009 and 2010.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“With the incorporation of Sesbania aculeata, grain and straw yields of basmati rice was 4.89, 5.56 and 9.04, 10.21 t−1 ha during 2009 and 2010, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA-chelated Zn ranked best for rice yields.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Among the Zn fertilizer sources, EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) was found to be the best with respect to grain, straw, and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA-chelated Zn ranked best for rice Zn content and uptake.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Among the Zn fertilizer sources, EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) was found to be the best with respect to grain, straw, and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA-chelated Zn ranked best for rice economics.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Among the Zn fertilizer sources, EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) was found to be the best with respect to grain, straw, and biological yields, Zn content and uptake and economics.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA-chelated Zn gave the highest grain yield, 5.15 and 5.76 t ha−1, versus 4.09 and 4.75 in controls.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Application of EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) recorded the highest basmati rice grain (5.15 and 5.76 t ha−1) and straw yields (9.30 and 10.48 t ha−1) compared to control (no Zn application), which produced 4.09 and 4.75 t ha−1 of grain and 8.13 and 9.39 t ha−1 of straw yields, respectively, during 2009 and 2010.”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA-chelated Zn gave straw yield of 9.30 and 10.48 t ha−1, versus 8.13 and 9.39 in controls.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Application of EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) recorded the highest basmati rice grain (5.15 and 5.76 t ha−1) and straw yields (9.30 and 10.48 t ha−1) compared to control (no Zn application), which produced 4.09 and 4.75 t ha−1 of grain and 8.13 and 9.39 t ha−1 of straw yields, respectively, during 2009 and 2010.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania produced the highest grain and straw Zn concentration and uptake versus other manure crops and fallow.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Highest Zn concentration in grain and straw and its uptake was recorded with Sesbania aculeata incorporation compared with Crotalaria juncea, Vigna unguiculata and summer fallow.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total rice Zn uptake ranked highest with EDTA-chelated Zn, followed by sulfate forms, oxide and control.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Highest total Zn uptake in basmati rice was recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) application, followed by ZnSO4.7H2O (21% Zn), ZnSO4.H2O (33% Zn), ZnSO4.7H2O + ZnO (50% + 50%), ZnO (82% Zn), and control (no Zn application).”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania and EDTA-chelated Zn formed a better combination for rice productivity.
- Taxon
- basmati ricee0
- Treatment
- Sesbania aculeata incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- basmati rice productivitye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“Sesbania aculeata incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) treatments were found a better combination with respect to basmati rice productivity.”
Claim · model-written summary
The best economic returns came from Sesbania plus zinc sulfate heptahydrate.
- Taxon
- basmati ricet0
- Treatment
- Sesbania aculeata incorporation and ZnSO4.7H2O (21% Zn) combinatione0
- Outcome
- economical returnse0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“The best economical returns were obtained with Sesbania aculeata incorporation and ZnSO4.7H2O (21% Zn) combination.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate zinc fertilization with green manure incorporation can raise basmati rice productivity.
Verbatim
t0“basmati rice”
e0“adequate Zn fertilization along with green manure crop incorporation can lead to higher productivity of basmati rice”
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