Abstract
Increasing the period of dark storage (DS) within a uniform seed lot of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) increased the degree of secondary dormancy (skotodormancy) induced, as evidenced by a loss of sensitivity to red light (R) and growth promoters such as gibberellin A 3 (GA 3 ), kinetin, thiourea, and ethylene. Differential degrees of skotodormancy were induced in lettuce seeds from three different sources (lot I < lot II < lot III). Either R or GA 3 significantly increased the germination of skotodormant seeds if seeds were first immersed in strongly acidic solutions (pH ≤ 3.0) and then rinsed with water. The critical factor was found to be pH, not ionic strength. Promotion of germination by R or GA 3 was positively related to increasing acidity, and also to the duration of DS. Sensitivity of the germination response to acid immersion varied with the seed lots, as little as 1 s being effective with some seeds. Acid treatment thus enables skotodormant seeds to recover much of their responsiveness to R and GA 3 . Extended DS (21 days) produced such pronounced skotodormancy (seed lot III) that acid immersion followed by usual R and GA 3 produced only 10% germination. Continuous R or a seed-piercing treatment produced complete germination in otherwise skotodormant seeds. Responsiveness of germination to thiourea, kinetin, and ethylene, however, was not regained by treatment with acid. The action of these three chemicals on skotodormant seeds thus seems to be dependent on an active phytochrome and GA 3 -sensitive system. Acid-immersion treatments appear primarily to weaken membrane barriers of the endosperm cells, with resulting increased sensitivity of seeds to R treatment and GA 3 penetration.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Longer dark storage increased secondary dormancy and reduced sensitivity to red light and growth promoters.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Material
- Grand Rapidse0
- Treatment
- Increasing the period of dark storagee0
- Outcome
- degree of secondary dormancye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the period of dark storage (DS) within a uniform seed lot of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) increased the degree of secondary dormancy (skotodormancy) induced, as evidenced by a loss of sensitivity to red light (R) and growth promoters such as gibberellin A 3 (GA 3 ), kinetin, thiourea, and ethylene.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed lots differed in induced skotodormancy, ordered I below II below III.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- skotodormancye0
- Qualifier
- lot I < lot II < lot IIIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differential degrees of skotodormancy were induced in lettuce seeds from three different sources (lot I < lot II < lot III).”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light increased germination following acid immersion and rinsing.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either R or GA 3 significantly increased the germination of skotodormant seeds if seeds were first immersed in strongly acidic solutions (pH ≤ 3.0) and then rinsed with water.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 increased germination following acid immersion and rinsing.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- GA 3e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- pH ≤ 3.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either R or GA 3 significantly increased the germination of skotodormant seeds if seeds were first immersed in strongly acidic solutions (pH ≤ 3.0) and then rinsed with water.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination promotion by red light and GA 3 rose with acidity and dark storage duration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing aciditye0
- Outcome
- Promotion of germinatione0
- Direction
- positively relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Promotion of germination by R or GA 3 was positively related to increasing acidity, and also to the duration of DS.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid response varied by seed lot, with one second effective in some.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- Sensitivity of the germination responsee0
- Value
- 1 se0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sensitivity of the germination response to acid immersion varied with the seed lots, as little as 1 s being effective with some seeds.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
After 21 days dark storage, acid followed by usual red light and GA 3 produced only 10% germination in lot III.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- acid immersion followed by usual R and GA 3e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- 21 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extended DS (21 days) produced such pronounced skotodormancy (seed lot III) that acid immersion followed by usual R and GA 3 produced only 10% germination.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous red light produced complete germination in otherwise dormant seeds.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Continuous Re0
- Outcome
- complete germinatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous R or a seed-piercing treatment produced complete germination in otherwise skotodormant seeds.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed piercing produced complete germination in otherwise dormant seeds.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- seed-piercing treatmente0
- Outcome
- complete germinatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous R or a seed-piercing treatment produced complete germination in otherwise skotodormant seeds.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid did not restore germination responsiveness to thiourea, kinetin or ethylene.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- treatment with acide0
- Outcome
- Responsiveness of germination to thiourea, kinetin, and ethylenee0
- Direction
- not regainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Responsiveness of germination to thiourea, kinetin, and ethylene, however, was not regained by treatment with acid.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid immersion appears to weaken endosperm membrane barriers and increase responsiveness to red light and GA 3 penetration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Acid-immersion treatmentse0
- Outcome
- increased sensitivity of seeds to R treatment and GA 3 penetratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acid-immersion treatments appear primarily to weaken membrane barriers of the endosperm cells, with resulting increased sensitivity of seeds to R treatment and GA 3 penetration.”
t0“lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)”
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