Abstract
SummaryBy selecting the optimal developmental stage of zygotic embryos used as expiants and applying desiccation treatment, we improved direct somatic embryogenesis in rice scutellum from two cultivars, Nipponbare and Sasanishiki. Zygotic embryos isolated 14-17, 21, 28-30 and 35-40 d after anthesis (DAA) from Nipponbare and 14-17, 18-21, 28-30 and 40-42 DAA from Sasanishiki were cultured on the embryo induction medium (EIM). Then they were transferred to embryo maturation medium (EMM) and germinated on the embryo germination medium (EGM). Only immature zygotic embryo isolated 14-17 DAA from Nipponbare and Sasanishiki could develop somatic embryos that germinated. Explants from embryos at other developmental stages could develop somatic embryos only until the elongating or scutellar stage. They enlarged and formed callus without further development. The EIM and EMM consisted of N6 macronutrients, B5 micronutrients, and B5 vitamins, supplemented with 0.1 g L-1 casein hydrolysate, 1.5 g L-1 proline and 1 g L-1 MES buffer. EGM consisted of MS macro- and micronutrients and MS vitamins without organic supplement. In addition, 2 mg L-1 2,4-D was added to EIM, 1 mg L-1 2,4-D to EMM and 0.01 mg L-1 zeatin to EGM. Developmental processes of somatic embryos derived from the expiants were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Desiccation treatment of maturing somatic embryo was proved to produce fully mature somatic embryos capable of germinating vigorously.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Selecting the optimal developmental stage of zygotic embryos as explants improved direct somatic embryogenesis in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- Nipponbare and Sasanishikie1
- Treatment
- selecting the optimal developmental stage of zygotic embryose2
- Outcome
- direct somatic embryogenesise1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we improved direct somatic embryogenesis in rice scutellum from two cultivars, Nipponbare and Sasanishiki”
e2“By selecting the optimal developmental stage of zygotic embryos used as expiants and applying desiccation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Only immature zygotic embryos isolated 14-17 DAA could develop somatic embryos that germinated in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- Nipponbare and Sasanishikie3
- Organ / stage
- immature zygotic embryoe3
- Treatment
- immature zygotic embryo isolated 14-17 DAAe3
- Outcome
- somatic embryos that germinatede3
- Comparator
- embryos at other developmental stagese4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we improved direct somatic embryogenesis in rice scutellum from two cultivars, Nipponbare and Sasanishiki”
e3“Only immature zygotic embryo isolated 14-17 DAA from Nipponbare and Sasanishiki could develop somatic embryos that germinated”
e4“Explants from embryos at other developmental stages could develop somatic embryos only until the elongating or scutellar stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Explants from other developmental stages developed somatic embryos only until the elongating or scutellar stage in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- embryos at other developmental stagese4
- Outcome
- develop somatic embryose4
- Qualifier
- only until the elongating or scutellar stagee4
- Comparator
- immature zygotic embryo isolated 14-17 DAAe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we improved direct somatic embryogenesis in rice scutellum from two cultivars, Nipponbare and Sasanishiki”
e3“Only immature zygotic embryo isolated 14-17 DAA from Nipponbare and Sasanishiki could develop somatic embryos that germinated”
e4“Explants from embryos at other developmental stages could develop somatic embryos only until the elongating or scutellar stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Explants from other developmental stages enlarged and formed callus without further development in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- embryos at other developmental stagese4
- Outcome
- calluse5
- Comparator
- immature zygotic embryo isolated 14-17 DAAe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we improved direct somatic embryogenesis in rice scutellum from two cultivars, Nipponbare and Sasanishiki”
e3“Only immature zygotic embryo isolated 14-17 DAA from Nipponbare and Sasanishiki could develop somatic embryos that germinated”
e4“Explants from embryos at other developmental stages could develop somatic embryos only until the elongating or scutellar stage”
e5“They enlarged and formed callus without further development”
Claim · model-written summary
Desiccation treatment of maturing somatic embryos produced fully mature somatic embryos capable of germinating vigorously in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- maturing somatic embryoe6
- Treatment
- Desiccation treatmente6
- Outcome
- fully mature somatic embryos capable of germinating vigorouslye6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we improved direct somatic embryogenesis in rice scutellum from two cultivars, Nipponbare and Sasanishiki”
e6“Desiccation treatment of maturing somatic embryo was proved to produce fully mature somatic embryos capable of germinating vigorously”
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