Abstract
Leaf senescence in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) occurs during the later stages of reproductive development and can be triggered or enhanced by high temperature (HT) stress. Ethylene production can trigger premature leaf senescence, but it is unclear whether HT stress produces ethylene and the subsequent influence on physiology and yield of soybean is also uncertain. We hypothesised that ethylene produced under HT stress is involved in premature leaf senescence and that use of an ethylene perception inhibitor would influence physiology and yield. Objectives of this study were to (1) quantify HT-stress-induced ethylene production; (2) quantify effects of HT stress and application of an ethylene perception inhibitor (1-methylcyclopropene; 1-MCP) on source strength traits such as photosynthetic rate, oxidant production, membrane damage and sugar accumulation; and (3) evaluate efficacy of 1-MCP on minimising HT-stress-induced effects on physiological and yield traits. Soybean plants were exposed to HT (38/28°C) or optimum temperature (OT, 28/18°C) for 14 days at the beginning of pod set. Plants at each temperature were treated with 1 µg L–1 1-MCP or left untreated (control). HT stress enhanced ethylene production rates in leaves and pods by 3.2- and 2.1-fold over OT. HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT. Application of 1-MCP decreased ethylene production rate and premature leaf senescence traits by enhancing the antioxidant defence system. HT stress decreased seed set percentage (18.6%), seed size (64.5%) and seed yield plant–1 (71.4%) compared with OT, however, foliar spray of 1-MCP increased the seed set percent and seed size, which resulted in a higher yield than the unsprayed control. The present study showed HT stress increased ethylene production rate, which triggered premature leaf senescence, whereas 1-MCP application reduced or postponed premature leaf senescence traits by inhibiting ethylene production.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased leaf and pod ethylene production by 3.2- and 2.1-fold.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- ethylene production rates in leavese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 3.2-e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress enhanced ethylene production rates in leaves and pods by 3.2- and 2.1-fold over OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased pod ethylene production 2.1-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- ethylene production rates in leaves and podse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 2.1-folde0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress enhanced ethylene production rates in leaves and pods by 3.2- and 2.1-fold over OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased photochemical efficiency by 5.8%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5.8%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased photosynthetic rate by 12.7%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12.7%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased sucrose content by 21.5%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- sucrose contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 21.5%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased superoxide dismutase by 13.3%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 13.3%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased catalase by 44.6%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- catalasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 44.6%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased peroxidase by 42.9%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- peroxidasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 42.9%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased superoxide radical by 63%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- superoxide radicale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 63%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased hydrogen peroxide by 70.4%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 70.4%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature increased membrane damage by 54.7%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- membrane damagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 54.7%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased photochemical efficiency (5.8%), photosynthetic rate (12.7%), sucrose content (21.5%), superoxide dismutase (13.3%), catalase (44.6%) and peroxidase (42.9%) enzymes activity and increased superoxide radical (63%) and hydrogen peroxide (70.4%) content and membrane damage (54.7%) compared with OT.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased seed set percentage by 18.6%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- seed set percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 18.6%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased seed set percentage (18.6%), seed size (64.5%) and seed yield plant–1 (71.4%) compared with OT, however, foliar spray of 1-MCP increased the seed set percent and seed size, which resulted in a higher yield than the unsprayed control.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased seed size by 64.5%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- seed sizee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 64.5%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased seed set percentage (18.6%), seed size (64.5%) and seed yield plant–1 (71.4%) compared with OT, however, foliar spray of 1-MCP increased the seed set percent and seed size, which resulted in a higher yield than the unsprayed control.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature decreased seed yield plant–1 by 71.4%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- HT stresse0
- Outcome
- seed yield plant–1e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 71.4%e0
- Comparator
- OTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT stress decreased seed set percentage (18.6%), seed size (64.5%) and seed yield plant–1 (71.4%) compared with OT, however, foliar spray of 1-MCP increased the seed set percent and seed size, which resulted in a higher yield than the unsprayed control.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced ethylene production and premature leaf senescence traits.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- ethylene production rate and premature leaf senescence traitse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 1-MCP decreased ethylene production rate and premature leaf senescence traits by enhancing the antioxidant defence system.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 1-MCP increased seed set and seed size.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- seed set percent and seed sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of 1-MCP increased the seed set percent and seed size, which resulted in a higher yield than the unsprayed control.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 1-MCP produced higher yield than unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of 1-MCPe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of 1-MCP increased the seed set percent and seed size, which resulted in a higher yield than the unsprayed control.”
t0“soybean”
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